天然产品长期以来被视为一种辅助药物。在这项研究中，我们考察了红树香根的挥发油（TSR）对人类透明细胞肾癌（ccRCC）凋亡的影响。通过GC/MS分析，确定了TSR挥发油的倍半萜含量。 TSR降低了ccRCC细胞的存活率，诱导ROS生成和线粒体膜电位的降低。此外，TSR抑制了Bcl-2和Hsp90的表达，但增加了PARP-1裂解和细胞色素c的释放。 Akt，mTOR和NF-κB的磷酸化和HIF-α的表达都被抑制了，这可能有助于TSR的抗增殖和抗粘附作用。

Natural products have long been considered as a kind of complementary medicine. In this study, we investigate the apoptotic effect of essential oils of Toona sinensis roots (TSR) on human clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). The sesquiterpene content of TSR essential oil was determined via GC/MS analysis. TSR decreased ccRCC cell viabilities, inducing ROS generation and reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, TSR inhibited Bcl-2 and Hsp90 expression but increased PARP-1 cleavage and cytochrome c release. Akt, mTOR and NF-κB phosphorylation and HIF-α expression were all inhibited, which likely contributed to the anti-proliferative and anti-adhesive effects of TSR.