黑素瘤病变形态学多种多样，包括良性痣到恶性黑素瘤。与良性痣诊断相比，诊断为黑素瘤可能需要进行强化治疗、终身监测和预后更差。因此，在外科病理学中，黑素细胞肿瘤常常具有挑战性，并具有高诉讼风险。本文在描述痣和黑素瘤的基本特征后，详细介绍了那些与黑素瘤具有许多相似特征的病变的临床和组织学特征。包括斯皮茨痣和非典型斯皮茨肿瘤（AST）、里德痣、畸形痣、细胞蓝痣（CBN）、深渗入性痣、混合痣、复发性痣、刺激性痣、先天型痣、肢端痣和特殊部位的痣。了解这些伪装者可以帮助病理学家区分良性和恶性病例，避免误诊。版权所有 © 2022年，Waqar et al.

Melanocytic lesions have a wide morphological spectrum, ranging from benign nevi to malignant melanoma. In contrast to a diagnosis of a benign nevus, a diagnosis of melanoma could mean intensive treatment, lifetime monitoring, and a worse prognosis. Therefore, melanocytic tumors are notoriously challenging and associated with a high risk of litigation in surgical pathology. After describing the basic features of nevi and melanoma, this article describes the detailed clinical and histological features of those lesions that share many similar features with melanoma. The entities included are Spitz nevi and atypical Spitz tumors (AST), Reed nevus, dysplastic nevus, cellular blue nevus (CBN), deep penetrating nevus, combined nevus, recurrent nevus, irritated nevus, congenital pattern nevus, acral nevus, and nevi of special sites. Knowledge of these imitators can help pathologists distinguish between benign and malignant cases and avoid misdiagnosis.Copyright © 2022, Waqar et al.