HNF4α和HNF1α是核心转录因子，在多种人类疾病和药物代谢的发展和进展中起着重要作用。它们在维持多个器官，尤其是肝脏的正常生长和功能以及内源性和外源性物质代谢中发挥关键作用。十二种HNF4α的同工酶可能表现出不同的生理功能，而在不同类型的疾病中，尤其是癌症中，HNF4α和HNF1α表现出不同甚至相反的效应。此外，CYP450，第二期药物代谢酶和药物转运蛋白的调节受到几个因素的影响。本文旨在回顾HNF4α和HNF1α在人类疾病和药物代谢中的作用，包括它们的结构和生理功能，影响疾病，调节药物代谢基因，影响因素和相关机制。我们还提出了一个调控HNF4α和HNF1α的转录调节网络，调节与疾病和药物代谢有关的靶基因的表达。

HNF4α and HNF1α are core transcription factors involved in the development and progression of a variety of human diseases and drug metabolism. They play critical roles in maintaining the normal growth and function of multiple organs, mainly the liver, and in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. The twelve isoforms of HNF4α may exhibit different physiological functions, and HNF4α and HNF1α show varying or even opposing effects in different types of diseases, particularly cancer. Additionally, the regulation of CYP450, phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, and drug transporters is affected by several factors. This article aims to review the role of HNF4α and HNF1α in human diseases and drug metabolism, including their structures and physiological functions, affected diseases, regulated drug metabolism genes, influencing factors, and related mechanisms. We also propose a transcriptional regulatory network of HNF4α and HNF1α that regulates the expression of target genes related to disease and drug metabolism.