噁唑烷是一类独特的杂环化合物，具有许多重要的生物医药和治疗应用，例如抗菌、抗癌、抗炎、不同酶的抑制剂、受体调节剂和神经保护特性。噁唑烷结构相关化合物领域的快速发展已经得到数种临床药物（如多沙唑嗪、奈沙匹利、普乐可耐、法西普隆、阿塔卢伦、锌苷唑、普雷诺地嗪等）的证实。本综述给出了包括2013年至2021年一系列噁唑烷结构药物生物应用的全面概述。该综述的信息来源于可用数据源，包括SciFinder、Reaxys、MedLine和化学文摘数据库。噁唑烷已成为一类具有迷人生物性质的化合物。噁唑烷的重要性可以通过它们在抗癌、抑菌、抗糖尿病等广泛的医药化学领域以及在农业和神经保护方面的应用得到认可。例如，一些噁唑烷基化合物已显示出能够调节多种受体，包括M4受体激动剂、S1P1受体调节剂、SSTR5拮抗剂、Orexin II型受体激动剂、肝X受体激动剂等。这证明了与噁唑烷基团相关的特殊特性，使其成为重要的药物基元。

Oxadiazole is a unique class of heterocycle, possessing numerous important biomedical and therapeutic applications, such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, inhibitors for diverse enzymes, receptor modulators, and neuroprotective properties. The rapid development in the field of oxadiazole-containing structures is confirmed by the development of numerous clinical drugs, such as doxazosin, nesapidil, pleconaril, fasiplon, ataluren, zibotentan, and prenoxdiazine as selected examples.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the range of biological applications of oxadiazole-containing drugs in a range of patents from 2013 to 2021. The information was collected from available data sources including SciFinder, Reaxys, MedLine, and Chemical Abstracts.Oxadiazole is an established class of compounds with fascinating biological properties. The importance of oxadiazoles can be recognized by their enormous application in a wide spectrum of medicinal chemistry from anticancer, lantibiotics, and antidiabetics to their use in agriculture and neuroprotection. For instance, the oxadiazole-based compounds have shown the ability to modulate a variety of receptors including the M4 receptor agonists, S1P1 receptor modulators, SSTR5 antagonists, orexin type-2 receptor agonists, liver X receptor agonists, and many more. This testifies to the special features associated with the oxadiazole scaffold, making it a significant pharmacophore.