抗肿瘤药物的研发成本巨大，且临床效果不尽如人意。因此，在临床前抗肿瘤药物研究的过程中，开发能够进行准确、快速和高通量发现先导化合物的有效药物筛选方法非常重要。一个有效的解决方案是使用患者源性异种移植瘤动物模型（简称PDX），它们适用于阐明肿瘤发病机制和新型抗肿瘤化合物的临床前测试。作为一种有前途的筛选模型生物，斑马鱼在构建PDX肿瘤模型和发现抗肿瘤药剂方面被广泛应用。因此，本文系统综述了斑马鱼PDX模型（简称zPDX）在病理发病机制和药物筛选研究方面的最新前沿进展。此外，还总结了构建zPDX所使用的技术。详细讨论了zPDX的优点和局限性。最后，全面介绍了zPDX在药物发现、转化医学和临床精准医疗治疗方面的前景。©2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

The cost of antitumor drug development is enormous, yet the clinical outcomes are less than satisfactory. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop effective drug screening methods that enable accurate, rapid, and high-throughput discovery of lead compounds in the process of preclinical antitumor drug research. An effective solution is to use the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor animal models, which are applicable for the elucidation of tumor pathogenesis and the preclinical testing of novel antitumor compounds. As a promising screening model organism, zebrafish has been widely applied in the construction of the PDX tumor model and the discovery of antineoplastic agents. Herein, we systematically survey the recent cutting-edge advances in zebrafish PDX models (zPDX) for studies of pathogenesis mechanisms and drug screening. In addition, the techniques used in the construction of zPDX are summarized. The advantages and limitations of the zPDX are also discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects of zPDX in drug discovery, translational medicine, and clinical precision medicine treatment are well presented.© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.