mRNA 疫苗自两种 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗获得 FDA 批准并表现出杰出的预防效果和极高的安全性以来，已经越来越被认可为一种强大的疫苗平台。值得注意的是，核苷酸修饰和脂质纳米粒子促进的传递大大提高了 mRNA 分子的免疫原性、稳定性和转化效率。在这里，我们回顾了 mRNA 疫苗开发的最新进展，包括核苷酸修饰、体外合成和产品纯化以及脂质纳米粒子载体用于体内输送和高效翻译。我们还简要介绍了 mRNA 疫苗在预防传染病和治疗包括癌症在内的炎症性疾病中的临床应用。版权所有©2022 Elsevier Inc.

mRNA vaccines have been increasingly recognized as a powerful vaccine platform since the FDA approval of two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, which demonstrated outstanding prevention efficacy as well as great safety profile. Notably, nucleoside modification and lipid nanoparticle-facilitated delivery has greatly improved the immunogenicity, stability, and translation efficiency of mRNA molecule. Here we review the recent progress in mRNA vaccine development, including nucleoside modification, in vitro synthesis and product purification, and lipid nanoparticle vectors for in vivo delivery and efficient translation. We also briefly introduce the clinical application of mRNA vaccine in preventing infectious diseases and treating inflammatory diseases including cancer.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.