定期进行体育锻炼能提高心血管和肌肉骨骼健康，帮助管理体重，改善认知和心理社会功能，同时还能降低癌症和糖尿病相关死亡率。然而，锻炼期间血液中血糖的转化率急剧增加，这往往导致1型糖尿病（T1DM）患者出现低血糖或高血糖以及血糖波动增加的情况。健康人的急性运动反应会使循环血糖维持在一个相对稳定的范围内，而一些异常生理过程和胰岛素治疗的局限性则限制了T1DM患者在正常血糖水平下进行运动的能力。了解运动和定期体育锻炼的急性和慢性影响对于制定治疗T1DM活跃患者的胰岛素和营养管理策略至关重要。不断发展的与糖尿病相关的技术，如持续血糖监测仪、自动胰岛素泵和溶解菊粉的胰高血糖素应用，正在展示在这类患者中维持血糖稳态在运动期间以及之后的有效性。本综述强调了定期运动的益处，并详细介绍了不同类型运动对T1DM成年人的复杂内分泌和代谢反应。同时，提供了关于利用新兴技术维持血糖稳态的基本临床战略的概述。 © 2022 Springer Nature Limited。

Regular physical activity improves cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health, helps with weight management, improves cognitive and psychosocial functioning, and is associated with reduced mortality related to cancer and diabetes mellitus. However, turnover rates of glucose in the blood increase dramatically during exercise, which often results in either hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia as well as increased glycaemic variability in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A complex neuroendocrine response to an acute exercise session helps to maintain circulating levels of glucose in a fairly tight range in healthy individuals, while several abnormal physiological processes and limitations of insulin therapy limit the capacity of people with T1DM to exercise in a normoglycaemic state. Knowledge of the acute and chronic effects of exercise and regular physical activity is critical for the formulation of clinical strategies for the management of insulin and nutrition for active patients with T1DM. Emerging diabetes-related technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors, automated insulin delivery systems and the administration of solubilized glucagon, are demonstrating efficacy for preserving glucose homeostasis during and after exercise in this population of patients. This Review highlights the beneficial effects of regular exercise and details the complex endocrine and metabolic responses to different types of exercise for adults with T1DM. An overview of basic clinical strategies for the preservation of glucose homeostasis using emerging technologies is also provided.© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.