Pyroptosis是一种由膜定位和孔形成的gasdermin蛋白家族调控的细胞死亡形式。最初，Pyroptosis被描述为由caspase 1和炎症小体依赖的细胞死亡途径，其特征是膜完整性丧失和细胞因子如IL-1β的分泌。然而，现在已经认识到gasdermins是这种调控性细胞死亡的主要效应因子；被激活的gasdermins插入细胞膜，形成孔道，导致细胞因子、警示分子和伤害相关分子模式的分泌并导致细胞膜破裂。现在明显地，gasdermins可以通过多种细胞类型中与炎症小体和caspase无关的机制被激活，而且Pyroptosis和其他细胞死亡途径之间存在相互作用。虽然它们对宿主抗微生物防御至关重要，但越来越多的证据支持了Pyroptosis和gasdermins在癌症和涉及肠道、肝脏和皮肤的几种非微生物性疾病中具有病理学作用。炎症小体活性和凋亡途径在肾脏疾病中的良好作用表明，gasdermins和Pyroptosis在某种程度上也可能会参与其中。然而，尽管有一些证据表明Pyroptosis在急性肾损伤和慢性肾脏疾病背景下的参与，我们对肾脏中gasdermin生物学和Pyroptosis的理解仍然有限。 © 2023 Springer Nature Limited。

Pyroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is mediated by the membrane-targeting, pore-forming gasdermin family of proteins. Pyroptosis was initially described as a caspase 1- and inflammasome-dependent cell death pathway typified by the loss of membrane integrity and the secretion of cytokines such as IL-1β. However, gasdermins are now recognized as the principal effectors of this form of regulated cell death; activated gasdermins insert into cell membranes, where they form pores that result in the secretion of cytokines, alarmins and damage-associated molecular patterns and cause cell membrane rupture. It is now evident that gasdermins can be activated by inflammasome- and caspase-independent mechanisms in multiple cell types and that crosstalk occurs between pyroptosis and other cell death pathways. Although they are important for host antimicrobial defence, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that pyroptosis and gasdermins have pathological roles in cancer and several non-microbial diseases involving the gut, liver and skin. The well-documented roles of inflammasome activity and apoptosis pathways in kidney diseases suggests that gasdermins and pyroptosis may also be involved to some extent. However, despite some evidence for involvement of pyroptosis in the context of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, our understanding of gasdermin biology and pyroptosis in the kidney remains limited.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.