免疫疗法已经在癌症患者的治疗中产生了革命性的变革。然而，对于那些对这些疗法具有抗性的肿瘤患者来说，促进抗肿瘤免疫仍然是一个挑战。热疗法提供了一种有前途的免疫佐剂策略，可与免疫疗法同时使用，主要是由于其重新调节肿瘤微环境的能力，通过诱导免疫原性细胞死亡，同时促进内源性免疫细胞的招募。因此，各种癌症的热免疫治疗策略是一个受到广泛关注的研究领域。在本综述中，我们描述了各种热疗法的作用，并对试图在临床试验中将其与免疫疗法相结合的尝试进行了更新。我们还概述了各种热免疫纳米医学的临床前开发情况，这些医学可以将热疗法与各种免疫疗法策略融合在一个单一的治疗平台上。最后，我们讨论了与热免疫纳米医学临床转化相关的挑战，并强调了多学科和跨专业的合作的重要性，以便将这项技术从实验室推向床边。©2023.Springer Nature Limited.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with cancer. However, promoting antitumour immunity in patients with tumours that are resistant to these therapies remains a challenge. Thermal therapies provide a promising immune-adjuvant strategy for use with immunotherapy, mostly owing to the capacity to reprogramme the tumour microenvironment through induction of immunogenic cell death, which also promotes the recruitment of endogenous immune cells. Thus, thermal immunotherapeutic strategies for various cancers are an area of considerable research interest. In this Review, we describe the role of the various thermal therapies and provide an update on attempts to combine these with immunotherapies in clinical trials. We also provide an overview of the preclinical development of various thermal immuno-nanomedicines, which are capable of combining thermal therapies with various immunotherapy strategies in a single therapeutic platform. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with the clinical translation of thermal immuno-nanomedicines and emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary and inter-professional collaboration to facilitate the optimal translation of this technology from bench to bedside.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.