易于使用、非侵入性和经济实惠的诊断方法的追求是临床医生和科学家的紧急任务。唾液是人体液体的重要组成部分，在各种病理生理状态下会发生常规变化，唾液中鉴定出的生物标志物在疾病诊断中具有高应用潜力和价值。本综述介绍了唾液研究的最新进展，重点介绍了唾液生物标志物在癌症检测中的检测和应用。现有的唾液组学方法可以用于诊断各种人类病理情况，并进行详细介绍。本综述还包括唾液收集方法、分析技术以及相应的商业产品，旨在描述基于唾液的诊断的完整过程。唾液作为一种无创、易采集的体液，能够在一定程度上反映人体的病理生理变化。鉴定可靠的唾液生物标志物可以为临床应用中的癌症检测提供方便的方法。

The pursuit of easy-to-use, non-invasive and inexpensive diagnostics is an urgent task for clinicians and scientists. Saliva is an important component of body fluid with regular changes of contents under various pathophysiological conditions, and the biomarkers identified from saliva shows high application potentials and values in disease diagnostics. This review introduces the latest developments in saliva research, with an emphasis on the detection and application of salivary biomarkers in cancer detection.Detection of disease-specific biomarkers in saliva samples by existing salivaomic methods can be used to diagnose various human pathological conditions and was introduced in details. This review also covers the saliva collection methods, the analytical techniques as well as the corresponding commercial products, with an aim to describe an holistic process for saliva-based diagnostics.Saliva, as a non-invasive and collectable body fluid, can reflect the pathophysiological changes of the human body to a certain extent. Identification of reliable saliva biomarkers can provide a convenient way for cancer detection in clinical applications.