我们身体内衬衣样组织如皮肤和肠道具有惊人的再生能力，终生不断更新。由于它们的屏障功能，这些组织还进化出复杂的修复机制，以迅速愈合并限制损伤后有害物质的渗透。 研究人员现在认识到，上皮再生和修复不是自主的过程，而是依赖于与免疫的动态交流。 大量的临床和实验数据指向修复反应和炎症反应的功能耦合是同一面硬币的两侧。 在这里，我们提出在受损后维持体内稳态的上皮再生和修复所基于的免疫信号。 我们回顾了我们目前对免疫细胞如何促进不同修复阶段的理解。 当未受控制时，免疫介导的修复方案被利用来加剧上皮病理如癌症、牛皮癣和炎症性肠病。 因此，了解免疫的修复功能可能促进再生医学和上皮炎症性疾病的治疗创新。《年度免疫学评论》第41卷的预计最终在线出版日期为2023年4月。 有关修订后的估计日期，请参见http：//www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

The epithelial tissues that line our body, such as the skin and gut, have remarkable regenerative prowess and continually renew throughout our lifetimes. Owing to their barrier function, these tissues have also evolved sophisticated repair mechanisms to swiftly heal and limit the penetration of harmful agents following injury. Researchers now appreciate that epithelial regeneration and repair are not autonomous processes but rely on a dynamic cross talk with immunity. A wealth of clinical and experimental data point to the functional coupling of reparative and inflammatory responses as two sides of the same coin. Here we bring to fore the immunological signals that underlie homeostatic epithelial regeneration and restitution following damage. We review our current understanding of how immune cells contribute to distinct phases of repair. When unchecked, immune-mediated repair programs are co-opted to fuel epithelial pathologies such as cancer, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, understanding the reparative functions of immunity may advance therapeutic innovation in regenerative medicine and epithelial inflammatory diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 41 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.