迄今为止，已经发现了很多种免疫细胞，但它们在肠道免疫中的确切作用仍不清楚。了解这些免疫细胞的体内行为及其在胃肠炎症（包括结肠炎、炎症性肠病、缺血再灌注损伤和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱等）中的功能对胃肠研究进入下一步至关重要。此外，理解胃肠肿瘤和组织修复中的免疫反应越来越重要，以阐明目前尚不清楚的疾病机制。近年来，在胃肠研究中应用体内显微镜提供了对特定于肠道的免疫，包括先天和适应性免疫的机制的新见解。在本综述中，我们关注体内成像在胃肠研究中日益重要的作用，并描述了如何使用体内显微镜观察肠道和免疫细胞。此外，我们概述了该新技术获得的新发现。© 2023.作者

To date, many kinds of immune cells have been identified, but their precise roles in intestinal immunity remain unclear. Understanding the in vivo behavior of these immune cells and their function in gastrointestinal inflammation, including colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neutrophil extracellular traps, is critical for gastrointestinal research to proceed to the next step. Additionally, understanding the immune responses involved in gastrointestinal tumors and tissue repair is becoming increasingly important for the elucidation of disease mechanisms that have been unknown. In recent years, the application of intravital microscopy in gastrointestinal research has provided novel insights into the mechanisms of intestine-specific events including innate and adaptive immunities. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of intravital imaging in gastrointestinal research and describe how to observe the intestines and immune cells using intravital microscopy. Additionally, we outline novel findings obtained by this new technique.© 2023. The Author(s).