肿瘤细胞很早就从原位扩散到远处，但转移往往需要数年才在患者的临床表现中显现，甚至在患者的一生中都从未出现。这种癌症进展中的暂停突出了限制扩散的障碍存在于远处的已散布肿瘤细胞（DTC）。虽然远处转移的这些障碍的本质可能包括DTC本质特征，但最近的研究已经确定局部微环境也控制了转移的形成。在这篇观点中，我讨论了免疫系统的部位特异性差异可能是DTC主要的选择性生长约束，并提出利用组织免疫将是下一阶段可靠预防转移的免疫疗法发展的必要条件。 ©2023. Springer Nature Limited.

Tumour cells migrate very early from primary sites to distant sites, and yet metastases often take years to manifest themselves clinically or never even surface within a patient's lifetime. This pause in cancer progression emphasizes the existence of barriers that constrain the growth of disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) at distant sites. Although the nature of these barriers to metastasis might include DTC-intrinsic traits, recent studies have established that the local microenvironment also controls the formation of metastases. In this Perspective, I discuss how site-specific differences of the immune system might be a major selective growth restraint on DTCs, and argue that harnessing tissue immunity will be essential for the next stage in immunotherapy development that reliably prevents the establishment of metastases.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.