近几十年来，免疫检查点阻滞和嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法是临床免疫治疗领域的两个里程碑式的成就。然而，二者在大多数实体肿瘤中显示出有限的疗效，这就需要探索新的免疫治疗模式。在几种实体肿瘤中，CAR-T和免疫检查点阻滞的失败归因于多种因素，包括肿瘤细胞抗原性低、效应T细胞浸润少和肿瘤微环境中的多样化免疫抑制机制等。新的细胞治疗法已尝试用于实体肿瘤，包括TCR-T、CAR-自然杀伤细胞（CAR-NK）和CAR-巨噬细胞（CAR-M）。与CAR-T相比，这些新的细胞治疗法在治疗实体肿瘤方面具有某些优势。在本综述中，我们总结了细胞治疗法的40年演变历程，然后关注TCR-T、CAR-NK和CAR-M在实体肿瘤中的进展，并讨论它们的潜在临床应用。 ©2023.作者。

In recent decades, immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy are two milestone achievements in clinical immunotherapy. However, both show limited efficacies in most solid neoplasms, which necessitates the exploration of new immunotherapeutic modalities. The failure of CAR-T and immune checkpoint blockade in several solid neoplasms is attributed to multiple factors, including low antigenicity of tumor cells, low infiltration of effector T cells, and diverse mechanisms of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. New adoptive cell therapies have been attempted for solid neoplasms, including TCR-T, CAR-natural killer cells (CAR-NK), and CAR-macrophages (CAR-M). Compared to CAR-T, these new adoptive cell therapies have certain advantages in treating solid neoplasms. In this review, we summarized the 40-year evolution of adoptive cell therapies, then focused on the advances of TCR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M in solid neoplasms and discussed their potential clinical applications.© 2023. The Author(s).