多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类有害且持久的有机污染物，广泛分布于环境中，最终积聚于水和食物中。此外，根据食物的组成、烹饪方式和加工条件，它们以不同的品种和数量在食品加工中形成。根据国际癌症研究机构（IARC）的分类，各种PAHs分为1至3类，其中1类被指定为对人类有致癌作用，2A类为可能致癌物，2B类为可能致癌物，而3类为非致癌物。因此，开发快速和高灵敏度的PAHs分析方法对于食品和水的检测至关重要。本文旨在概述各种色谱方法以及电化学和基于SERS的光学传感方法用于分析食品和水中PAHs的最新进展。首先，总结了几种传统样品制备方法以及先进的萃取方法来分离PAHs，随后回顾了各种气相色谱方法与各种检测技术相结合用于分析各种食品产品中PAHs的方法，包括肉/肉制品、海产品、油、牛奶/奶制品、婴儿食品、蜂蜜、蔬菜、可可制品、茶/咖啡、果汁、米、面粉、面条和蛋糕。此外，还概述了高效液相色谱法与荧光、二极管阵列或质谱/串联质谱检测技术以及新兴的超临界流体色谱技术用于确定不同食品和水基质中PAHs的方法。最后，还列出和讨论了最近开发的各种电化学传感器和基于SERS的光学传感器，用于PAHs的现场检测。因此，本综述文章可以提供关于色谱法和传感器的PAH分析的研究更新，并为未来的研究填补研究空缺。

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of harmful and persistent organic contaminant, are widely distributed in the environment and eventually accumulated in water and food. Also, they are formed in different varieties and varying amounts during processing of food depending on the food composition, cooking method and processing condition. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), various PAHs are classified under Group 1 to 3 category, with Group 1 designated as carcinogenic to humans, Group 2A as probable carcinogen, Group 2B as possible carcinogen and Group 3 as noncarcinogenic. Therefore, it is imperative to develop rapid and highly sensitive analytical methods for determination of PAHs in food and water. This article aims to overview the recent advances of various chromatographic methods as well as electrochemical and SERS-based optical sensing methods for analysis of PAHs in food and water. Initially, several conventional sample preparation methods along with the advanced extraction for isolation of PAHs were summarized, followed by reviewing various gas chromatographic methods coupled with various detection techniques for PAHs analysis in various food products including meat/meat products, seafood, oil, milk/milk products, baby foods, honey, vegetable, cocoa products, tea/coffee, juice, rice, flour, noodle and cake. In addition, high performance liquid chromatographic methods coupled with fluorescence, diode array or mass/tandem mass detection techniques as well as an emerging supercritical fluid chromatographic technique employed for determination of PAHs in different food and water matrices were also overviewed. Finally, various electrochemical sensors and SERS-based optical sensors developed recently for onsite detection of PAHs were tabulated and discussed. Thus, this review article can provide a research update on chromatography and sensor-based analytical methods for PAH analysis as well as enable elucidation of research gaps for future studies.