抗利尿激素不当分泌综合症（SIADH）是住院儿童等容性低钠血症（血清Na + <135 mEq/L）的常见原因之一。它的特点是血清ADH增多，通过其对远端肾小管V2受体的作用导致水潴留。疼痛、术后状态、药物、中枢神经系统感染、肿瘤、畸形和肺炎等多种疾病可能使人容易出现SIADH。 SIADH的传统治疗包括限制液体摄入和盐的补充。有时，这种方法无法控制低钠血症，需要药物治疗。 V2受体拮抗剂是FDA批准用于等容性和过多容量性低钠血症成人治疗的一种疗法。然而，在儿科患者中使用这些药物的经验有限。 在这里，作者介绍了一位因SIADH引起的严重症状性低钠血症并合并有胼胝体发育不全的女孩，她成功地使用V2受体拮抗剂托瑞巴坦进行治疗。© 2023年作者，独家许可给Dr. K C Chaudhuri基金会。

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is one of the common causes of euvolemic hyponatremia (serum Na+ < 135 mEq/L) in hospitalized children. It is characterized by increased serum ADH, leading to water retention via its action on V2 receptors in the distal renal tubules. Various conditions such as pain, the postoperative state, drugs, central nervous system infections, tumors, malformations, and pneumonia can predispose a person to SIADH. The conventional treatment of SIADH includes fluid restriction and salt supplementation. Occasionally, this may fail to control hyponatremia, mandating pharmacological therapy. V2-receptor antagonists are an FDA-approved therapy for adults with euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. However, there is limited experience with their use in the pediatric population. Here, the authors present a girl with corpus callosum agenesis with severe symptomatic hyponatremia due to SIADH who was successfully managed with the V2-receptor antagonist tolvaptan.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.