在出现任何症状之前检测癌症对于成功治疗至关重要。然而，早期检测非常具有挑战性，特别是对于早期几乎没有症状的癌症类型，例如上皮卵巢癌（EOC）。开发一种可以检测具有足够选择性，灵敏度和重复性的生物标志物的用户友好型方法是克服早期检测EOC挑战的有望方法。在本研究中，我们报告了一种用激光诱导的击穿光谱法对HE4生物标志物进行灵敏检测的夹心型微粒免疫测定法。在其中，我们基于共价和非共价交联化学将元素粒子交联到特定的功能组上，以提高生物标志物检测的灵敏度和选择性。在这种方法中，Fe3O4和SiO2微粒被用来结合和纯化复杂介质中的抗体-抗原。从磁性纯化检测中同时检测铁和硅显着提高了HE4生物标志物的检测灵敏度，其中HE4的检测限为0.0022 pM。我们还使用硅校准曲线确定了HE4和二氧化硅微粒之间的偶合比。

Detection of cancer before the appearance of any symptoms is crucial for successful treatment. Early detection is, however, very challenging, particularly for the types of cancer with few or no symptoms at early stages, such as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Developing a user-friendly method that can detect biomarkers with sufficient selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility is a promising approach for overcoming the challenges of early detection of EOC. In this study, we report a sandwich-type microparticle immunoassay for sensitive detection of the HE4 biomarker with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Here, we cross-linked elemental particles to a specific functional group of the targeted biomolecules based on a covalent and non-covalent linking chemistry to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of biomarker detection, in which Fe3O4 and SiO2 microparticles were used to conjugate and purify the antibody-antigen in complex media. Simultaneous detection of Fe and Si from a magnetically purified assay significantly improves the HE4 biomarker's detectability, in which HE4 was detected with a limit of detection of 0.0022 pM. We also determined the coupling ratio between HE4 and silica particles using a silicon calibration curve.