免疫逃逸是癌症的特征。动态和异质性的肿瘤微环境（TME）导致天然杀伤（NK）细胞免疫疗法的渗透不足和效果差，成为引发肿瘤进展的关键因素。了解NK细胞与TME之间的相互作用，为优化NK细胞免疫疗法提供了新的见解。在此，我们介绍了直接或间接的NK细胞与包括免疫、代谢、神经化专业环境、机械和微生物环境在内的9种特殊TME之间的相互作用的新进展，总结了TME介导的抑制NK细胞功能的机制，并突出了解决NK-TME相互作用的潜在靶向治疗。重要的是，我们讨论了克服抑制性TME的新策略，并对未来提供了有吸引力的展望。© 2023. 作者。

Immune escape is a hallmark of cancer. The dynamic and heterogeneous tumour microenvironment (TME) causes insufficient infiltration and poor efficacy of natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy, which becomes a key factor triggering tumour progression. Understanding the crosstalk between NK cells and the TME provides new insights for optimising NK cell-based immunotherapy. Here, we present new advances in direct or indirect crosstalk between NK cells and 9 specialised TMEs, including immune, metabolic, innervated niche, mechanical, and microbial microenvironments, summarise TME-mediated mechanisms of NK cell function inhibition, and highlight potential targeted therapies for NK-TME crosstalk. Importantly, we discuss novel strategies to overcome the inhibitory TME and provide an attractive outlook for the future.© 2023. The Author(s).