在过去的十年中，研究中出现了大量应用纳米粒子来传递气体信号分子用于医疗目的的技术。气体信号分子的发现和揭示引发了纳米粒子治疗在局部递送的应用。尽管多数应用于肿瘤学，但最近的进展表明其在诊断和治疗骨科疾病方面具有可观的潜力。本文重点介绍了当前已经认识的三种气体信号分子——一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化碳（CO）和硫化氢（H2S），以及它们在骨科疾病中的独特生物功能和作用。此外，本文总结了过去十年的治疗发展进展，并深入探讨了未解决的问题和潜在的临床应用。© 2023年。作者。

Over the past decade, a proliferation of research has used nanoparticles to deliver gaseous signaling molecules for medical purposes. The discovery and revelation of the role of gaseous signaling molecules have been accompanied by nanoparticle therapies for their local delivery. While most of them have been applied in oncology, recent advances have demonstrated their considerable potential in diagnosing and treating orthopedic diseases. Three of the currently recognized gaseous signaling molecules, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are highlighted in this review along with their distinctive biological functions and roles in orthopedic diseases. Moreover, this review summarizes the progress in therapeutic development over the past ten years with a deeper discussion of unresolved issues and potential clinical applications.© 2023. The Author(s).