血液恶性肿瘤（HMs）的生存研究通常显示随着时间的推移而有所改善，尽管大多数这些研究受到短期跟踪期的限制。利用丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的NORDCAN数据库数据，我们追踪了七种HMs相对生存率的周期性增加，直到2015年至2019年的半个世纪。所有七种HMs的五年存活率均得到改善，霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）、造血干细胞增生性疾病和慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）的存活率达到90％，多发性骨髓瘤（MM）和慢性髓样白血病（CML）的存活率为60％，骨髓增生异常综合征的存活率为50％，急性髓系白血病（AML）的存活率为30％。50年来生存率的改善范围因不同的HMs而异，从20％到50％以上不等。这种进展的可能原因包括更早的诊断、改善的风险分层和治疗进展。我们观察到在生存改善方面有不同的时间趋势。在HL、CLL和AML中观察到的逐渐增加的趋势突出了现有治疗的优化和诊断和风险分层的改进的影响，而在CML和MM中观察到的快速增长突出了新治疗方法的影响。最近的治疗进展可能会进一步改善生存率，尤其是AML等生存率仍然较低的HMs。©2023年作者。

Studies of survival in hematological malignancies (HMs) have generally shown an improvement over time, although most of these studies are limited by a short follow-up period. Using the NORDCAN database with data from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, we follow periodic increases in relative survival in seven HMs through half a century up to 2015-2019. Five-year survival improved in all seven HMs, reaching 90% for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), myeloproliferative neoplasias and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 60% for multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic myeloid leukemias (CMLs), 50% for the myelodysplastic syndromes and 30% for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Improvements in survival over 50 years ranged from 20% to more than 50% units across the different HMs. The likely reasons for such progress include earlier diagnoses, improved risk stratification and advances in treatment. We observed differing temporal trends in improvements in survival. The gradual increases observed in HL, CLL and AML highlight the impact of optimization of existing therapies and improvements in diagnostics and risk stratification, whereas the rapid increases observed in the CMLs and MM highlight the impact of novel therapies. Recent therapeutic advances may further improve survival in HMs where survival remains low such as in AML.© 2023. The Author(s).