静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）是全球第三大死亡原因。VTE的患病率因不同国家而异，在西方国家为每千人年1-2例，而在东方国家则较低（每千人年<1例）。目前已经确定了许多导致VTE的危险因素，但每个危险因素对血栓风险的相对贡献以及病理机制尚未完全描述。在此，我们全面回顾了VTE最常见的危险因素，包括男性、糖尿病、肥胖、吸烟、V Leiden因子、Prothrombin G20210A基因突变、纤溶酶原激活抑制物1、口服避孕药和激素替代治疗、长途飞行、残余静脉血栓、严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染、外伤和骨折、妊娠、固定不动、抗磷脂抗体综合征、手术和癌症等。就后者而言，VTE发生率似乎最高的是胰腺、肝脏和非小细胞肺癌（每千人年>70例），最低的是乳腺癌、黑色素瘤和前列腺癌（每千人年<20例）。在这篇综合评述中，我们总结了不同VTE危险因素的患病率以及可能导致VTE的分子机制/病理学介导物。

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of death worldwide. The incidence of VTE varies according to different countries, ranging from 1-2 per 1000 person-years in Western Countries, while it is lower in Eastern Countries (<1 per 1000 person-years). Many risk factors have been identified in patients developing VTE, but the relative contribution of each risk factor to thrombotic risk, as well as pathogenetic mechanisms, have not been fully described. Herewith, we provide a comprehensive review of the most common risk factors for VTE, including male sex, diabetes, obesity, smoking, Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin G20210A Gene Mutation, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement, long-haul flight, residual venous thrombosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, trauma and fractures, pregnancy, immobilization, antiphospholipid syndrome, surgery and cancer. Regarding the latter, the incidence of VTE seems highest in pancreatic, liver and non-small cells lung cancer (>70 per 1000 person-years) and lowest in breast, melanoma and prostate cancer (<20 per 1000 person-years). In this comprehensive review, we summarized the prevalence of different risk factors for VTE and the potential molecular mechanisms/pathogenetic mediators leading to VTE.