有关住院儿童癌症患者何时应进行重复血液培养（BCxs）的明确建议是必要的。我们回顾了Riley儿童医院血液肿瘤科病房自2015年1月至2021年2月间获取的所有BCx，不论患者入院原因或中性粒细胞缺乏状态如何。排除了在初始培养后48小时内出现阳性BCx、有干细胞移植史或入住重症监护病房的患者。对于在初始BCx后48小时之后抽取的新阳性BCx的患者的病历进行了回顾。在超过48小时后的BCx中，7个（1.2%）住院期间出现了新病原体或被视为病原体的共生菌培养。当新的阳性BCx被获取时，所有患有新的真菌病原体的患者在血液动力学不稳定或发生复发性发热。23个（4.0%）住院期间出现了超过48小时的污染培养，1362个超过48小时的BCx中有74个（5.4%）被污染，导致额外的住院费用增加了210,519美元。总而言之，在初始培养结果为阴性的血液肿瘤科小儿患者中，超过48小时的重复BCx收益较低且费用高昂。对于血液动力学和临床稳定的患者，在连续48小时的阴性培养后可以安全和经济地停止进行重复BCx。版权所有 © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health，Inc. 保留所有权利。

Clear recommendations are needed on when repeat blood cultures (BCxs) in hospitalized children with cancer should be obtained. We reviewed all BCx obtained on the Hematology-Oncology Unit at Riley Hospital for Children, regardless of reason for patient admission or neutropenia status, between January 2015 and February 2021. Patients with positive BCx within 48 hours of initial cultures, history of stem cell transplant, or admitted to the intensive care unit were excluded. Medical records of patients with new positive BCx drawn >48 hours after initial BCx were reviewed. Seven (1.2%) hospitalization episodes grew new pathogens, or commensals treated as pathogens, on cultures beyond 48 hours. All patients with new, true pathogens were hemodynamically unstable or had recurrent fever when the new positive BCx was obtained. Twenty-three (4.0%) hospitalization episodes had contaminant cultures beyond 48 hours, with 74 (5.4%) of 1362 BCx collected beyond 48 hours being contaminated, resulting in an additional cost of $210,519 from increased length of stay. In conclusion, repeat BCx beyond 48 hours in pediatric hematology-oncology patients with negative initial cultures are low yield and costly. Repeat BCx can be safely and cost-effectively ceased after 48 hours of negative cultures in hemodynamically and clinically stable patients.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.