细胞内活性氧化物（ROS）与癌细胞类型密切相关。因此，基于ROS的模式识别是一种精确定癌症诊断的有希望的策略，但这种可能性尚未有报道。在本研究中，我们提出了一种基于pH控制的组氨酸模板金纳米团簇（AuNCs@His）的ROS响应型荧光传感器阵列，用于区分癌细胞类型及其增殖状态。在该策略中，通过调节pH值合成了具有不同荧光特性的三种AuNCs@His。在添加各种ROS后，三种AuNCs@His的荧光猝灭程度不同，形成了独特的光学“指纹”，并通过主成分分析（PCA）进行了良好的聚类，分为几个分离的组别，不发生重叠。传感机制可以归因于ROS对AuNCs@His的氧化，这一结论通过X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、1H核磁共振光谱和电喷雾电离质谱得到验证。基于ROS响应的传感模式，可以通过PCA对癌细胞类型进行100％准确的区分。此外，所提出的传感器阵列在区分癌细胞的增殖状态方面表现出优异的性能，这一点得到了Ki-67免疫组化实验的结果支持。综上所述，ROS响应型荧光传感器阵列可作为精确诊断癌症的有希望工具，在临床应用中具有巨大潜力。

Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with cancer cell types. Therefore, ROS-based pattern recognition is a promising strategy for precise diagnosis of cancer, but such a possibility has never been reported yet. Herein, we proposed an ROS-responsive fluorescent sensor array based on pH-controlled histidine-templated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@His) to distinguish cancer cell types and their proliferation states. In this strategy, three types of AuNCs@His with diverse fluorescence profiles were first synthesized by only adjusting the pH value. Upon the addition of various ROS, fluorescence quenching of three types of AuNCs@His occurred with different degrees, thereby forming unique optical "fingerprints", which were well-clustered into several separated groups without overlap by principal component analysis (PCA). The sensing mechanism was attributable to the oxidation of AuNCs@His by ROS, as revealed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Based on the ROS-responsive sensing pattern, cancer cell types were successfully differentiated via PCA with 100% accuracy. Additionally, the proposed sensor array exhibited excellent performance in distinguishing the proliferation states of cancer cells, which was supported by the results of the Ki-67 immunohistochemistry assay. Overall, the ROS-responsive fluorescent sensor array can serve as a promising tool for precise diagnosis of cancer, indicating great potential for clinical application.