基于对一般人口和慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者的观察性研究数据，长期以来一直推荐慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者服用维生素D补充剂。这些数据一致显示，较高的25-羟基维生素D循环浓度与改善骨折、心血管、癌症和死亡结局相关。然而，在最近几年，一些大型临床试验已经进行，以评估维生素D补充剂对一系列临床相关结局的影响。其中大多数研究是针对一般人口进行的，但也包括慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者。事实上，几乎所有这些试验的结果都是负面的，并与观察数据相矛盾。本综述总结了关键的观察性数据和临床试验，并对这些研究之间的差异提出了潜在的解释。版权所有 © 2023，由Elsevier Inc.出版。

Vitamin D supplements have long been advocated for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on data from observational studies among the general population and also people with CKD. These data consistently suggested that higher circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with improved fracture, cardiovascular, cancer, and mortality outcomes. In the last few years, large clinical trials have been conducted to assess the effects of vitamin D supplements on a range of clinically relevant outcomes. Most of these studies were performed in the general population but also enrolled people with CKD. Virtually all these trials were negative and contradicted the observational data. In this review, the key observational data and clinical trials are summarized and potential explanations for the discrepancies between these studies are discussed.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.