人类调节性T细胞（Tregs）在自身免疫性疾病和癌症等多种疾病的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，它们的失衡可能是这些疾病的促进因素。促炎性T细胞亚群TH17的发展以及与调节性T细胞（Treg）的平衡与自身免疫疾病和癌症相关。长非编码RNA（lncRNAs）最近在多种疾病中作为强有力的调节分子出现，并能通过表观遗传调控、调节转录、转录后过程、翻译和蛋白质修饰等多个层面上调控重要基因的表达。它们可以与DNA、RNA和蛋白质等多种分子进行相互作用，并具有复杂的结构组成。由于对细胞增殖、凋亡和分化等各种生物过程的调节作用，lncRNAs与一系列疾病相关。在这方面，一种重要的例子是lncRNA NEAT1，几项研究已经确定其在免疫细胞分化中的作用。在免疫细胞分化的背景下，许多其他 lncRNAs 与 Treg 细胞分化相关联。在本研究中，我们对lncRNAs在调节Treg细胞分化以及在自身免疫性疾病和与Tregs密切相关的肿瘤中调节Th17/Treg平衡方面的最新研究进行综述。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier GmbH。保留所有权利。

Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in pathogenesis of several diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, and their imbalances may be promoting factor in these disorders. The development of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) is linked to autoimmune disease and cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as powerful regulatory molecules in a variety of diseases and can regulate the expression of significant genes at multiple levels through epigenetic regulation and by modulating transcription, post-transcriptional processes, translation, and protein modification. They may interact with a wide range of molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and have a complex structural makeup. LncRNAs are implicated in a range of illnesses due to their regulatory impact on a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this regard, a prominent example is lncRNA NEAT1 which several studies have performed to determine its role in the differentiation of immune cells. Many other lncRNAs have been linked to Treg cell differentiation in the context of immune cell differentiation. In this study, we review recent research on the various roles of lncRNAs in differentiation of Treg cell and regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune diseases and tumors in which T regs play an important role.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.