新型癌症疗法彻底改变了对各种癌症的治疗。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）是其中之一。ICI是一种免疫治疗药物，可以增强免疫系统抗击癌细胞的能力。根据它们所抑制的受体，如PD-1、PD-L1和CTLA-4，ICI被细分。虽然这类药物对癌症患者非常有益，但其不良反应可能是致命的。多个器官，如心血管系统，可能会受免疫相关不良反应（irAEs）的影响。这些心脏毒性irAEs的发生率可高达1%，并且可能是致命的。心肌炎是所有心脏毒性反应中最常见的一种。本系统评述的目的是评估ICI最常见的心肌炎的严重性以及筛查的重要性。我们根据2020年《系统评价和荟萃分析的推荐报告项目》（PRISMA）的标准选择研究。因此，我们从2018年到2023年，从PubMed、ScienceDirect、Web of Science、Cochrane Library 和Google Scholar等数据库中收集了文章。根据各种筛选方法和质量评估工具，从665项研究中选择了13项纳入研究。本研究显示，尽管ICI治疗引起心肌炎的风险较低，且大多数病例是无症状或轻度的，但个别病例可能是致命和灾难性的，医生应意识到如果根据临床症状怀疑心肌炎，应根据肌钙蛋白、心电图和超声心动图进行治疗。版权所有 © 2023年 Moradi等

Novel cancer therapies have revolutionized the management of various cancers. An immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is one of these antitumor medications. ICIs, which are immune therapies, enhance the immune system's capacity to fight cancer cells. Based on the receptors that they inhibit, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, ICIs are subdivided. Although this class of drugs is extremely beneficial for cancer patients, their adverse effects can be fatal. Multiple organs, such as the cardiovascular system, may be impacted by immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). These cardiotoxic irAEs can occur at a rate of up to 1% and can be fatal. Myocarditis is the most prevalent of all cardiotoxicities. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the seriousness of myocarditis, the most prevalent cardiotoxicity of ICIs, and the importance of screening. We chose studies based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 criteria. Therefore, from 2018 to 2023, we gathered articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Of the 665 studies identified based on various screening methods and quality assessment tools, 13 were selected for inclusion in the study. This study shows that although the risk of myocarditis in ICI therapy is low and the majority of cases are asymptomatic or mild, some cases can be deadly and disastrous, and physicians should be aware that if myocarditis is suspected based on clinical symptoms, troponin, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram, treatment should be initiated accordingly.Copyright © 2023, Moradi et al.