胶质瘤是影响脑和中枢神经系统的主要恶性肿瘤，占据所有恶性脑肿瘤的80%以上。HOXD9已被认为参与胶质瘤的发展，但其对胶质瘤发病机制的具体影响尚未完全理解。本研究旨在探究HOXD9在胶质瘤中的作用，并检查胶质瘤进展过程中HOXD9表达的变化，从而为胶质瘤的发病机制提供新的见解。本研究纳入了来自癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）和中国胶质瘤基因组图谱（CGGA）数据集的胶质瘤样本。探讨了不同临床特征亚组的胶质瘤中HOXD9表达的变异，并使用qRT-PCR和西方印迹法验证了胶质瘤样本中的表达情况。接下来，通过生存分析、接受者操作特征曲线和示意图探讨了HOXD9对胶质瘤预后的影响。随后，利用ssGSEA算法和ESTIMATE算法探索了HOXD9与肿瘤免疫微环境的关联。然后，通过差异表达分析和GSEA确定了与HOXD9相关的免疫相关途径。最后，鉴定了与HOXD9相关的基因组改变。研究发现，在胶质瘤中，HOXD9表达上调并与恶性特性相关。同时，我们的验证结果显示，在胶质瘤脑组织中，HOXD9的蛋白和mRNA水平明显上调。此外，高水平的HOXD9表达预示着胶质瘤患者的不良预后。此外，高水平的HOXD9表达与肿瘤纯度降低和免疫侵袭水平增高相关。最后，HOXD9与基因组改变显著相关。总体而言，本研究揭示了HOXD9与胶质瘤患者的预后和生存之间的显著关联。我们的发现强调了HOXD9作为预后生物标志物的潜力，并提示其在调控胶质瘤免疫微环境中的作用。© 2023. 作者，独家许可给Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany，Springer Nature的一部分。

Glioma is the prevailing malignant tumor affecting the brain and central nervous system, constituting over 80% of all malignant brain tumors. HOXD9 has been implicated in the development of glioma, but the specific mechanism of its influence on glioma pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HOXD9 in glioma and examine the changes in HOXD9 expression during the progression of glioma, thus contributing new insights into the pathogenesis of glioma.Glioma samples from the Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets were included in this study. Variations in HOXD9 expression in gliomas between different subgroups of multiple clinical characteristics were explored, and the expression was validated in glioma samples using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Next, the impact of HOXD9 on the prognosis of gliomas was explored by survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and nomogram plots. Subsequently, the association between HOXD9 and the tumor immune microenvironment was explored using the ssGSEA algorithm and the ESTIMATE algorithm. Then, immune-related pathways associated with HOXD9 were determined by differential express analysis and GSEA. Finally, HOXD9-related genomic alterations were identified.HOXD9 expression is upregulated and correlated with malignant properties in glioma. Similarly, our validation results showed significantly upregulated protein and mRNA levels of HOXD9 in glioma brain tissues. In addition, high HOXD9 expression was indicative of a poor prognosis for glioma patients. Additionally, elevated HOXD9 levels were associated with reduced tumor purity and higher levels of immune invasion. Finally, HOXD9 was significantly associated with genomic alterations.Overall, this study has unveiled a significant association between HOXD9 and the prognosis and survival of glioma patients. Our findings highlight the potential of HOXD9 as a prognostic biomarker, implicating its role in influencing the glioma immune microenvironment.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.