我们旨在描述西尼罗河神经侵袭病（West Nile neuroinvasive disease）患者在出院时的神经学表现和功能恢复情况。本回顾性研究纳入了2022年6月1日至10月31日在塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德大学传染与热带病临床治疗中心住院治疗的患者。我们使用修正的Rankin量表评估了出院时的功能恢复情况。在分析的135名患者中，脑炎、脑膜炎和急性弛缓性瘫痪（AFP）分别出现在114名（84.6%）、20名（14.8%）和21名（15.6%）患者中。四肢麻痹/四肢瘫痪和单肢麻痹是最常见的AFP形式，分别有9名（6.7%）和6名（4.4%）患者出现。45名（33.3%）患者患有小脑炎，80名（59.3%）患者患有腓腱桥脑炎，5名（3.7%）患者出现帕金森症状。共有79名（58.5%）患者同时伴有共济失调和宽基步态。51名（37.8%）患者出现震颤（41名（30.3%）为姿势性和（或）动态性震颤，10名（7.4%）为静息性震颤）。39名患者（28.9%）出现Glasgow昏迷评分（GCS）≤8和呼吸衰竭需进行机械通气。与12.4±8.7天相比，四肢麻痹患者需要较长时间的呼吸机辅助（29.5±16.8天，p=0.001）。在出院时，有1名单肢麻痹患者恢复了全部肌力，而有8名AFP患者在功能上依赖他人。共有29名患者（21.5%）死亡。所有死亡者均患有脑炎，其中7名患有四肢麻痹。在出院时，还有18名患者（16.9%）伴有共济失调，15名患者（14.2%）伴有震颤，22名患者（16.3%）伴有认知缺陷。年龄、恶性肿瘤、冠心病、四肢麻痹、机械通气、GCS≤8和与医疗相关的感染是死亡的危险因素（分别p=0.001；p=0.019；p=0.004；p=0.001；p<0.001；p<0.001和p<0.001）。© 2023. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia.

We aimed to describe neurological manifestations and functional outcome at discharge in patients with West Nile neuroinvasive disease.This retrospective study enrolled inpatients treated in the University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade, Serbia, from 1 June until 31 October 2022. Functional outcome at discharge was assessed using modified Rankin scale.Among the 135 analyzed patients, encephalitis, meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were present in 114 (84.6%), 20 (14.8%), and 21 (15.6%), respectively. Quadriparesis/quadriplegia and monoparesis were the most frequent forms of AFP, present in 9 (6.7%) and 6 (4.4%) patients, respectively. Fourty-five (33.3%) patients had cerebellitis, 80 (59.3%) had rhombencephalitis, and 5 (3.7%) exhibited Parkinsonism. Ataxia and wide-based gait were present in 79 (58.5%) patients each. Fifty-one (37.8%) patients had tremor (41 (30.3%) had postural and/or kinetic tremor, 10 (7.4%) had resting tremor). Glasgow coma score (GCS) ≤ 8 and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation developed in 39 (28.9%), and 33 (24.4%) patients, respectively. Quadriparesis was a risk factor for prolonged ventilator support (29.5 ± 16.8 vs. 12.4 ± 8.7 days, p = 0.001). At discharge, one patient with monoparesis recovered full muscle strength, whereas 8 patients with AFP were functionally dependent. Twenty-nine (21.5%) patients died. All of the succumbed had encephalitis, and 7 had quadriparesis. Ataxia, tremor and cognitive deficit persisted in 18 (16.9%), 15 (14.2%), and 22 (16.3%) patients at discharge, respectively. Age, malignancy, coronary disease, quadriparesis, mechanical ventilation, GCS ≤ 8 and healthcare-associated infections were risk factors for death (p = 0.001; p = 0.019; p = 0.004; p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively).© 2023. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia.