免疫调节疗法在泌尿肿瘤学中变得越来越重要。因此，我们可能会越来越多地面临副作用的问题。此外，还有越来越多与其他作用机制的联合应用。由于这种疗法，可能会出现免疫介导的副作用。这些副作用与化疗和其他靶向疗法的副作用不同，因此需要不同的治疗策略。基于目前的文献，将介绍关于毕业和分期管理的数据，并通过实践例子加以说明。文献综述关于免疫肿瘤治疗相关不良事件的检测和治疗管理。治疗相关的事件原则上可以影响所有器官系统。皮肤区域的毒性反应，如皮疹或瘙痒，甲状腺功能减退或亢进，关节炎，肌肉疼痛和胃肠道症状经常出现。就频率而言，大多数副作用为1至2级，但如果及早发现，3至4级的毒性反应通常也可以得到有效治疗。罕见的并发症，如神经毒性、肺炎或心脏炎，如果诊断太晚可能会发展成暴发性病程。即使在紧急情况下，如果我们了解最重要的副作用和治疗选择，仍然可以应对。免疫介导的副作用尤为重要，因为它们可能影响任何器官系统。然而，只要我们在患者出现症状时考虑到检查点抑制剂的毒性可能性，大多数副作用都很容易治疗，因此可以应对。版权所有，Thieme保留所有权利。

Immunomodulatory therapies are becoming increasingly important in uro-oncology. For this reason, we will probably be increasingly confronted with side effects. In addition, there is an increasing number of combinations with other mechanisms of action. Immune-mediated side effects may occur as a consequence of this therapy. These are different from the side effects of chemotherapy and other targeted therapies and therefore require different treatment strategies.Based on the current literature, the data on graduation and stage-dependent management will be presented as well as illustrated with examples from practice.Literature review on the detection and therapeutic management of adverse events mediated in the setting of immuno-oncologic therapy.Treatment-related events can in principle affect all organ systems. Toxicities in the area of the skin, such as rash or pruritus, hypo- or hyperthyreosis, arthritis, muscle pain and gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently seen. In terms of frequency, most side effects are grade 1 to 2, but grade 3 to 4 toxicities are also generally well treatable if detected early. Rare complications such as neurological toxicities, pneumonitis or carditis can develop a fulminant course if diagnosed too late.Even emergencies are manageable if we know the most important side effects and the therapeutic options. Immune-mediated side effects are of particular importance because they can affect any organ system. However, as long as we consider the possibility of toxicity from checkpoint inhibitors when the patient presents with symptoms, most side effects are easy to treat and therefore manageable.Thieme. All rights reserved.