为了研究非酒精性脂肪肝（NASH）患者的临床特征和相关共病症，我们进行了一项以国家医疗保险和长期老年保险索赔数据库为基础的病例对照研究。纳入了2015年4月至2020年3月之间被诊断为NASH（ICD-10编码为K-75.8，其他炎症性肝病或K-76.0，其他脂肪肝）的符合条件的患者。根据性别、出生年份和居住地区的匹配原则，将符合NASH诊断定义的患者（n=545）与非NASH对照组（n=185,264）进行了随机选择。没有进行任何干预措施。估计了与NASH患者背景变量（如年龄、性别、体质指数（BMI））以及与NASH相关的共病症和与生活方式相关的疾病之间的关系的OR值。共鉴定了545名NASH患者（其中38.3%为男性）和185,264名非NASH对照组患者（其中43.2%为男性），分别的中位年龄为68岁（IQR 63.0-75.0）和65岁（IQR 44.0-74.0）。NASH患者的BMI显著高于对照组（25.8 kg/m2 vs 22.9 kg/m2，p<0.001）。女性比例、高血压患者比例、血脂异常患者比例和2型糖尿病患者比例在NASH组中均较高。此外，NASH与肝硬化风险增加相关（OR 28.81（95% CI 21.79 to 38.08）），其次为肝癌风险增加（OR 18.38（95% CI 12.56 to 26.89））。NASH与抑郁症风险（OR 1.11（95% CI 0.87 to 1.41））、失眠风险（OR 1.12（95% CI 0.94 to 1.34））以及慢性肾脏疾病风险（OR 0.81（95% CI 0.58 to 1.12））之间没有显著关联。在患者的日常医疗护理中，有必要考虑性别和年龄差异，并密切关注与NASH相关的肝癌风险以及其他与生活方式相关的共病症。©作者（或其雇主）2023。CC BY-NC许可下可重新使用。不得用于商业用途。由BMJ出版。

To examine the clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and associated comorbidities.A case-control study using the national health insurance and the long-term elderly health insurance claims database.Eligible patients diagnosed with NASH (ICD-10 K-75.8, other inflammatory liver disease or K-76.0, other fatty liver) between April 2015 and March 2020 were included.Patients who met the diagnostic definitions for NASH (n=545) were matched with non-NASH controls (n=185 264) and randomly selected according to sex, birth year and residential area.No interventions were made.ORs were estimated for the relationship between patient background, such as age and sex, body mass index (BMI), NASH-related comorbidities and lifestyle-related diseases.In total, 545 patients with NASH (38.3% men) and 185 264 non-NASH controls (43.2% men) were identified, with median ages of 68 (IQR 63.0-75.0) and 65 (IQR 44.0-74.0) years, respectively. BMI was significantly higher in patients with NASH than in controls (25.8 kg/m2 vs 22.9 kg/m2, p<0.001). The proportions of women, patients with hypertension, patients with dyslipidaemia and patients with type 2 diabetes were higher in the NASH group. In addition, NASH was associated with an increased risk of hepatic cirrhosis (OR 28.81 (95% CI 21.79 to 38.08)), followed by liver cancer (OR 18.38 (95% CI 12.56 to 26.89)). There was no significant association between NASH and risk for depression (OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.41)), insomnia (OR 1.12 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.34)) or chronic kidney diseases (OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.12)).In the daily medical care of patients, it is necessary to consider sex and age differences and to pay close attention to the risk of liver cancer, as well as other lifestyle-related comorbidities associated with NASH.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.