翻译摘要： 翻译如下： 后转录修饰（PTM）是指将功能基团共价连接到蛋白底物上，导致结构和功能的改变。 PTM不仅调节肝癌的发展和进展，还在癌症免疫反应中扮演关键角色。癌症免疫包括先天和适应性免疫对肿瘤抗原、肿瘤细胞和肿瘤微环境进行综合监视的努力。越来越多的证据表明，利用免疫系统抗击癌症的潜力的免疫疗法可以有效地改善癌症患者的预后并延长生存时间。本综述全面总结了在肝癌免疫监视中与磷酸化、泛素化、SUMO化和糖基化等关键PTM之间的当前认识。此外，本文还着重介绍了与这些修饰相关的潜在治疗肝癌免疫疗法反应增强的靶点。版权所有©2023年王、左、陈和李。

Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent attachment of functional groups to protein substrates, resulting in structural and functional changes. PTMs not only regulate the development and progression of liver cancer, but also play a crucial role in the immune response against cancer. Cancer immunity encompasses the combined efforts of innate and adaptive immune surveillance against tumor antigens, tumor cells, and tumorigenic microenvironments. Increasing evidence suggests that immunotherapies, which harness the immune system's potential to combat cancer, can effectively improve cancer patient prognosis and prolong the survival. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of key PTMs such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and glycosylation in the context of immune cancer surveillance against liver cancer. Additionally, it highlights potential targets associated with these modifications to enhance the response to immunotherapies in the treatment of liver cancer.Copyright © 2023 Wang, Zuo, Chen and Li.