根据国际癌症研究机构的数据，全球范围内乳腺癌比肺癌更为常见。到2040年，乳腺癌的死亡率将分别增加50％和40％。尽管化疗、内分泌治疗和HER2靶向治疗取得了进展，但乳腺癌的转移和复发仍然难以治疗。癌症疫苗是一种有效的治疗选择，因为它们可以刺激持久的免疫反应以清除肿瘤细胞。在乳腺癌疫苗的研究中，没有发现明显的优势。最近的一项研究声称，免疫检查点抑制剂或抗HER2单克隆抗体可能可用于疫苗接种。这种疫苗可以增强免疫系统来抵抗乳腺癌细胞。乳腺癌疫苗的临床试验已经在DNA、树突状细胞和基于肽的疫苗上进行了。乳腺癌疫苗的研究采用了皮下、肌肉内和皮肤内注射的方式。临床研究表明，这些努力并不成功。有几个因素可能影响了乳腺癌疫苗的发展。免疫系统的复杂性使得创造癌症疫苗变得具有挑战性。鉴于乳腺癌的异质性，可能需要不同的疫苗接种策略。尽管存在这些障碍，对乳腺癌疫苗的研究仍在继续。创建疫苗的有效方法包括免疫检查点抑制和抗HER2单克隆抗体。还正在进行针对特定肿瘤的疫苗研究。 版权所有©2023年。由Elsevier GmbH出版。

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer is more common than lung cancer globally. By 2040, mortality from breast cancer will rise by 50% and 40%, respectively. Despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy, breast cancer metastases and recurrences remain challenging to treat. Cancer vaccines are an effective treatment option because they stimulate a long-lasting immune response that will eliminate tumor cells. In studies on the breast cancer vaccine, no appreciable advantages were discovered. A recent study claims that immune checkpoint inhibitors or anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies may be used in vaccinations. This vaccination strengthens the immune system to fight off breast cancer cells. Clinical trials have been conducted on DNA, dendritic cells, and peptide-based breast cancer vaccines. Studies on the breast cancer vaccine have employed subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intradermal injections. Clinical studies have shown that these efforts have not been successful. Several factors might have slowed the development of a breast cancer vaccine. The complexity of the immune system makes it challenging to create cancer vaccines. Given the heterogeneity of breast cancer, there may be a need for different vaccination strategies. Despite these obstacles, research into breast cancer vaccines continues. Effective methods for creating vaccines include immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. Research is also being done on specialized tumor vaccinations.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier GmbH.