免疫疗法是一种新型的肿瘤治疗方法，其作用在手术、放疗和化疗之后，通过激活或增强免疫反应来管理和摧毁肿瘤细胞。与传统治疗方法相比，免疫疗法具有低复发率和高特异性的优势。近年来，免疫疗法发展迅速，成为研究热点。目前，嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫疗法和免疫检查点抑制剂是临床实践中最有效的肿瘤免疫疗法。然而，肿瘤免疫疗法虽然给患者带来希望，但也面临一些挑战，仍然需要不断的研究和进展。联合治疗是抗肿瘤治疗的未来方向。本综述主要关注免疫检查点抑制剂、细胞疗法、肿瘤疫苗、小分子抑制剂和溶瘤病毒治疗在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展，以及免疫疗法与其他治疗方法的联合应用。

Immunotherapy is a new type of tumor treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and can be used to manage and destroy tumor cells through activating or strengthening the immune response. Immunotherapy has the benefits of a low recurrence rate and high specificity compared to traditional treatment methods. Immunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years and has become a research hotspot. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most effective tumor immunotherapies in clinical practice. While tumor immunotherapy brings hope to patients, it also faces some challenges and still requires continuous research and progress. Combination therapy is the future direction of anti-tumor treatment. In this review, the main focus is on an overview of the research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies, tumor vaccines, small molecule inhibitors and oncolytic virotherapy in tumor treatment, as well as the combination of immunotherapy with other treatments.