淋巴结作为淋巴系统的关键组成部分，在肿瘤进展中起着至关重要的作用。然而，淋巴结特殊的生理结构传统上限制了药物输送效率。令人兴奋的是，纳米医药在淋巴结特异性输送方面显示出巨大优势，实现了对淋巴结的独特识别和诊断，从而为高效肿瘤治疗奠定了基础。本综述全面讨论了影响纳米医药在淋巴结特异性富集的关键因素，并系统总结了用于精确淋巴结药物输送和治疗应用的纳米医药，包括淋巴系统诊断和治疗纳米药物以及淋巴结特异性成像和识别系统。值得注意的是，我们深入研究了目前淋巴纳米医药面临的关键挑战和考虑因素，并提出了解决这些问题的有效策略。本综述概述了关于设计用于淋巴系统靶向的有效纳米载体的最新发现、临床应用和未来前景，对改善癌症治疗策略具有潜在意义。© 2023. Springer Nature 全部和部分稿件发表于 BioMed Central Ltd.

Lymph nodes play a pivotal role in tumor progression as key components of the lymphatic system. However, the unique physiological structure of lymph nodes has traditionally constrained the drug delivery efficiency. Excitingly, nanomedicines have shown tremendous advantages in lymph node-specific delivery, enabling distinct recognition and diagnosis of lymph nodes, and hence laying the foundation for efficient tumor therapies. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the key factors affecting the specific enrichment of nanomedicines in lymph nodes, and systematically summarize nanomedicines for precise lymph node drug delivery and therapeutic application, including the lymphatic diagnosis and treatment nanodrugs and lymph node specific imaging and identification system. Notably, we delve into the critical challenges and considerations currently facing lymphatic nanomedicines, and futher propose effective strategies to address these issues. This review encapsulates recent findings, clinical applications, and future prospects for designing effective nanocarriers for lymphatic system targeting, with potential implications for improving cancer treatment strategies.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.