急性骨髓性白血病（AML）是一种异质性疾病，其中治疗反应和患者生存状况高度受白血病生物学影响。本综述的目的在于总结AML分类、风险分层模型、可测量残留疾病（MRD）和越来越多的治疗选择，这些都为AML的精准医学铺平了道路。AML分类和风险分层最近通过纳入与诊断和预测结局相关的新型分子标记进行了更新。此外，共突变模式的影响正在调查中，新方法使用机器学习算法进行个体化风险评估也开始被采用。分子标记在预测非重度治疗反应方面也越来越有用。MRD以其高灵敏度通报治疗反应，允许动态患者风险评估和早期干预。最后，在AML治疗方面取得了重要进展，目前有越来越多的靶向治疗方法问世，并有许多新型治疗方法正在开发中，取得了有前景的早期结果。对AML生物学的进一步理解正在推动改进风险分层和治疗方面的重要进展，以前所未有的速度实现AML的精准医学发展。版权所有 © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 保留所有权利。

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, in which treatment response and patient survival are highly conditioned by the leukemia biology. The aim of this review is to summarize recent advances in AML classification, risk stratification models, measurable residual disease (MRD) and the increasing number of treatment options that are paving the way towards precision medicine in AML.AML classification and risk stratification were recently updated by incorporating novel molecular markers that are important for diagnosis and outcome prediction. In addition, the impact of co-mutational patterns is under investigation and novel approaches using machine learning algorithms are starting to be used for individualized risk estimation. Molecular markers are also becoming useful in predicting response to non-intensive treatments. MRD informs of treatment response with high sensitivity, allowing dynamic patient risk assessment and early intervention. Finally, important advances were made in AML therapy, with an increasing number of targeted therapies becoming available and many novel treatment approaches being under development with promising early results.A better understanding of AML biology is leading to improved risk stratification and important advances in treatments, which are allowing the development of precision medicine in AML at an unprecedented pace.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.