纳米技术在过去三十年里改变了科学。近期在医学和生物学领域中的纳米技术应用增强了医学诊断、制造和药物传递。最新研究显示了这种现代技术在疾病检测和治疗方面的潜力尤其在骨科方面。根据骨组织工程、可植入物、诊断与治疗以及表面胶粘剂的最新发展，纳米医学已经彻底改变了骨科学。大量拥有独特化学、物理和生物特性的纳米材料已被设计出来，用于产生新颖的药物传递方式，以实现药物的局部、持续和有针对性的传递，并提高治疗效果，减少或消除毒性，为有效控制疾病开启了非常有前景的策略。已经进行了广泛的研究，尤其是骨科领域的纳米技术应用。纳米技术可以彻底改变骨科治疗、诊断和研究。利用金属和脂质体纳米颗粒进行纳米技术药物传递的精确性已经显示出特别令人鼓舞的结果。此外，药物和生物制剂在骨肉瘤治疗中的传递也正在积极研究。各种生物传感器和纳米颗粒已被用于骨疾病的诊断，例如肾性骨畸形、帕吉特病和骨质疏松症。对基于纳米技术的复合材料商业化的主要障碍也进行了研究，从而有助于消除与部分现有骨科生物材料相关的限制，例如植入物寿命、质量、治疗成本和疼痛缓解。纳米技术在骨科领域的潜力巨大，其中大部分尚未开发，但并非没有挑战。本综述的目的是突出纳米技术在促进骨科疾病治疗方案方面的最新进展，并强调未解决的需求和制约纳米仿生骨科治疗实际应用的障碍。版权所有 © 2023 Shang, Zhou, Jiang, Huang, Liu, Zhang, Zhao, Liang and Zeng.

Nanotechnology has changed science in the last three decades. Recent applications of nanotechnology in the disciplines of medicine and biology have enhanced medical diagnostics, manufacturing, and drug delivery. The latest studies have demonstrated this modern technology's potential for developing novel methods of disease detection and treatment, particularly in orthopedics. According to recent developments in bone tissue engineering, implantable substances, diagnostics and treatment, and surface adhesives, nanomedicine has revolutionized orthopedics. Numerous nanomaterials with distinctive chemical, physical, and biological properties have been engineered to generate innovative medication delivery methods for the local, sustained, and targeted delivery of drugs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and minimal or no toxicity, indicating a very promising strategy for effectively controlling illnesses. Extensive study has been carried out on the applications of nanotechnology, particularly in orthopedics. Nanotechnology can revolutionize orthopedics cure, diagnosis, and research. Drug delivery precision employing nanotechnology using gold and liposome nanoparticles has shown especially encouraging results. Moreover, the delivery of drugs and biologics for osteosarcoma is actively investigated. Different kind of biosensors and nanoparticles has been used in the diagnosis of bone disorders, for example, renal osteodystrophy, Paget's disease, and osteoporosis. The major hurdles to the commercialization of nanotechnology-based composite are eventually examined, thus helping in eliminating the limits in connection to some pre-existing biomaterials for orthopedics, important variables like implant life, quality, cure cost, and pain and relief from pain. The potential for nanotechnology in orthopedics is tremendous, and most of it looks to remain unexplored, but not without challenges. This review aims to highlight the up tp date developments in nanotechnology for boosting the treatment modalities for orthopedic ailments. Moreover, we also highlighted unmet requirements and present barriers to the practical adoption of biomimetic nanotechnology-based orthopedic treatments.Copyright © 2023 Shang, Zhou, Jiang, Huang, Liu, Zhang, Zhao, Liang and Zeng.