传统中药中来自中药多糖（TCMPs）如灵芝、黄芪、枸杞和人参被认为是中药的主要活性成分。然而，口服TCMPs的重要药理效应与其药代动力学不一致。本文旨在回顾2010年至2022年之间主要发表的文献，重点探讨药代动力学与药理效应之间的关系。研究发现，未被吸收的TCMPs可以在肠道产生局部药理效应，包括抗炎、抗氧化、调节肠道菌群、调节肠道免疫和维护肠道屏障完整性等。未被吸收的TCMPs还可以通过调节肠道菌群和免疫系统产生全身药理效应，如抗肿瘤活性和免疫系统调节。相反，一些TCMPs可以被吸收并分布到各种组织，特别是肝脏，在那里它们对炎症和氧化应激引起的损伤具有保护组织的效应，并改善葡萄糖和脂质代谢。未来的研究中，提高质量控制和实验设计至关重要。此外，研究如何提高TCMPs的口服生物利用度，探索TCMP代谢物的活性，研究TCMPs与口服药物之间的药代动力学相互作用，并开发使用TCMPs的口服药物传递系统具有重要意义。版权所有 © 2023. Elsevier B.V.出版。

Polysaccharides (TCMPs) derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), such as Ganoderma lucidum, Astragalus membranaceus, Lycium barbarum, and Panax ginseng, are considered to be the main active constituents in TCMs. However, the significant pharmacological effects of orally administered TCMPs do not align well with their poor pharmacokinetics. This article aims to review the literature published mainly from 2010 to 2022, focusing on the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects. It has been found that unabsorbed TCMPs can exert local pharmacological effects in the gut, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulation of intestinal flora, modulation of intestinal immunity, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Unabsorbed TCMPs can also produce systemic pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor activity and immune system modulation, by regulating intestinal flora and immunity. Conversely, some TCMPs can be absorbed and distributed to various tissues, especially the liver, where they exhibit tissue-protecting effects against inflammation and oxidative stress-induced damage and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. In future studies, it is important to improve quality control and experimental design. Furthermore, research on enhancing the oral bioavailability of TCMPs, exploring the activity of TCMP metabolites, investigating pharmacokinetic interactions between TCMPs and oral drugs, and developing oral drug delivery systems using TCMPs holds great significance.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.