吸烟对口腔健康的影响——牙科团队在戒烟中扮演的角色是什么?
Impacts of smoking on oral health-what is the role of the dental team in smoking cessation?
发表日期:2023 Sep 07
作者:
Ana Luisa Amaral, Patrícia Alves da Costa Andrade, Bashir Abdulgader Lwaleed, Sérgio Araújo Andrade
来源:
Food & Function
摘要:
在数据库(PubMed、EMBASE和Google Scholar)进行了电子搜索。此外,还搜索了国家机构的网站(美国食品和药物管理局、国家癌症研究所、疾病控制和预防中心、美国牙科协会、疾病预防和健康促进办公室、国家药物滥用研究所、医疗保健研究和质量机构)。为了达到研究的目标,考虑了在2021年10月至2022年2月期间发表的系统性综述、对照临床试验和观察性研究。该综述纳入了调查口腔健康专业人员在戒烟方面的作用以及烟草使用对口腔健康的影响的文章。综述发现,与非吸烟者相比,吸烟者患口腔癌的可能性显著增加(95%可信区间:3.19-6.77)。被动吸烟者患口腔癌的风险也增加(1.51倍)(95%可信区间:1.20-1.91)。此外,吸烟者患牙周炎的风险增加80%(RR=1.82;95%可信区间:1.43-2.31),牙周状况恶化85%(RR=1.85;95%可信区间:1.5-2.2),蛀牙的患病率增加36.6%(OR=1.84;95%可信区间:1.64-2.07)。吸烟还与植入体失败的风险呈剂量依赖关系。口腔医生团队进行简要教育干预导致戒烟率为每1000人中的74人,而对照组为每1000人中的27人。结合药物治疗,这些干预可能会进一步增加50到70%的长期戒烟率。吸烟强烈与口腔癌、龋齿、植体失败和牙周疾病的风险增加有关。口腔医疗团队在鉴定和处理与吸烟有关的口腔病变以及提供戒烟所需的护理方面发挥着重要作用。简要的教育干预,无论是单独使用还是与药物治疗结合使用,对于口腔医疗团队支持戒烟提供了有价值的方法。然而,建立一个全面的培训和持续教育计划对将口腔专业人员整合到多学科戒烟项目中至关重要。© 2023 British Dental Association,作者(们)独家许可。
Electronic searches were conducted on databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar). In addition, websites of national organisations (US Food and Drug Administration, National Cancer Institute, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, American Dental Association, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) were also searched.To achieve the objectives of the study, systematic reviews, controlled clinical trials, and observational studies published between October 2021 and February 2022 were considered.This narrative review included articles which investigated the role of Dentistry professionals and their impact on smoking cessation and the effects resulting from tobacco use on oral health.The review revealed that smokers have a significantly higher likelihood of developing oral cancer (95% CI: 3.19-6.77) compared to non-smokers. Passive smokers also have an increased risk (1.51 times) of developing oral cancer (95% CI: 1.20-1.91). Additionally, smokers have an 80% increased risk of periodontitis (RR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.43-2.31), an 85% worsened periodontal condition (RR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.5-2.2), and a 36.6% increase in caries prevalence (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.64-2.07). Smoking is also associated with a higher potential for dental implant failure in a dose-dependent manner. Brief educational interventions by the dental team resulted in a smoking cessation rate of 74/1000 individuals versus 27/1000 individuals in the control group. When combined with pharmacological therapy, these interventions may lead to an additional 50 to 70% increase in long-term smoking abstinence.Smoking is strongly linked to an increased risk of oral cancer, dental caries, implant failure, and periodontal disease. Dental teams play a vital role in identifying and addressing oral pathologies related to smoking and providing necessary care for smoking cessation. Brief educational interventions, either alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy, offer valuable approaches for the dental team to support smoking cessation. However, establishing a comprehensive training and continuing education program is crucial to integrate dental professionals into a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to British Dental Association.