多项研究表明，尿液中的微卫星变异可以检测到膀胱癌。膀胱癌的微卫星分析（MSA）需要基于扩增和解读许多单个MSA标记基础上的全面分析，这在技术上是具有挑战性的。为了开发快速、高效、标准化和成本较低的膀胱癌MSA检测方法，我们开发了三种基于多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）的MSA检测方法，所有方法均通过遗传分析仪进行分析。首先，我们根据九篇文献选择了16个MSA标记，并基于三联体或三管式多重PCR（三联体MSA检测方法）使用约翰·霍普金斯大学（JHU）样本（第一批样本）进行了MSA检测方法的开发。在第二批样本中（包括六名癌症患者和十四名健康个体），我们的三联体检测方法基于15个MSA标记正确预测了所有6个癌症样本为癌症样本以及14个健康样本为健康样本。虽然我们可以通过更多患者样本的临床信息和癌症患者数量的增加来改进我们的报告，但总体结果表明，我们的三联体MSA检测方法结合遗传分析仪是一种可能具有时间和成本效益的膀胱癌基因检测方法，并具有在患者护理中作为一个可靠检测方法的潜在用途。

Several studies have shown that microsatellite changes can be profiled in the urine to detect bladder cancer. Microsatellite analysis (MSA) of bladder cancer detection requires a comprehensive analysis of up to 15-20 markers based on amplifying and interpreting many individual MSA markers, which can be technically challenging. To develop fast, efficient, standardized, and less costly MSA to detect bladder cancer, we developed three multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based MSA assays, all of which were analyzed by a genetic analyzer. First, we selected 16 MSA markers based on nine publications. We developed MSA assays based on triplet or three-tube-based multiplex PCR (Triplet MSA assay) using samples from Johns Hopkins University (JHU Sample, first set of samples). In the second set of samples (samples from six cancer patients and fourteen healthy individuals), our Triplet Assay with 15 MSA markers correctly predicted all 6/6 cancer samples to be cancerous and 14/14 healthy samples to be healthy. Although we could improve our report with more clinical information from patient samples and an increased number of cancer patients, our overall results suggest that our Triplet MSA Assay combined with a genetic analyzer is a potentially time- and cost-effective genetic assay for bladder cancer detection and has potential use as a dependable assay in patient care.