头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）是一个复杂的临床实体，其治疗策略仍然是一个挑战。针对个体HNSCC患者的最佳实践管理应该在多学科团队中进行讨论。在局部晚期疾病中，放射治疗（RT）与或不伴随顺铂为基础的化疗是大多数患者明确或手术后辅助治疗的标准护理。强度调制光子疗法（IMRT）是推荐的RT技术，因为它具备在保存周围正常重要组织的同时提供相当治疗一致性的能力。目前，开发新的治疗策略以及替代性系统性药物组合是改善HNSCC患者治疗比率的迫切需求。尽管免疫环境表示HNSCC中使用免疫治疗剂具有强有力的理论依据，但基于证据的数据表明，在作为主要治疗模式结合RT与免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗并未显示出对生存临床结果产生显著益处。本文的目标是回顾有关HNSCC患者治疗的现有文献。我们首先提供了一个全面的护理标准概述。然后，我们重点关注系统疗法与RT的整合，强调最新发表的证据和正在进行的试验，这些试验研究了不同的组合策略在明确的情况下的治疗。我们希望总结相关文献，以便为解释新出现的数据和设计未来试验提供基础，以在疾病控制和患者生活质量方面实现最大的关怀。

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex clinical entity, and its treatment strategy remains a challenge. The best practice management for individual HNSCC patients should be discussed within a multidisciplinary team. In the locally advanced disease, radiation therapy (RT) with or without concomitant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the current standard of care for most patients treated definitively or adjuvantly after surgery. Intensity-modulated photon therapy (IMRT) is the recommended RT technique due to its ability to offer considerable treatment conformality while sparing surrounding normal critical tissues. At present, the development of novel treatment strategies, as well as alternative systemic agent combinations, is an urgent need to improve the therapeutic ratio in HNSCC patients. Despite the immune landscape suggesting a strong rationale for the use of immunotherapy agents in HNSCC, evidence-based data demonstrate that combining RT with immune checkpoint inhibitors as the primary treatment modality has not been shown to induce significant benefit on survival clinical outcomes. The objective of this article is to review the current literature on the treatment of patients with HNSCC. We initially provided a comprehensive overview of the standard of care. We then focused on the integration of systemic therapies with RT, highlighting the latest published evidence and ongoing trials which investigate different combination strategies in the definitive setting. Our hope is to summarize relevant literature in order to provide a foundation for interpreting emerging data and designing future trials to maximize care, both in disease control and patient quality of life.