高挥发物和抗氧化性质使Colocynth（Citrullus colocynthis）成为治疗多种疾病的有前景的药物资源。 Note: The scientific name "Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad." has been translated as "Colocynth" in this context to maintain clarity and conciseness.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.: A Promising Pharmaceutical Resource for Multiple Diseases.
发表日期：2023 Aug 24
作者：
Xiaotian Cheng, Minni Qin, Rongrong Chen, Yunxia Jia, Qing Zhu, Guangtong Chen, Andong Wang, Bai Ling, Weiwei Rong
来源：
DIABETES & METABOLISM
摘要：
西瓜苦瓜（Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.，葫芦科）广泛分布在世界的沙漠地区。西瓜苦瓜的果实以其广泛的营养保健潜力以及药用和药理用途而闻名。这种植物已被报道用于哮喘、支气管炎、癌症、结肠炎、普通感冒、咳嗽、糖尿病、痢疾和黄疸等各种用途。其果实的生物活性已得到广泛研究，包括杀虫剂、抗肿瘤和降血糖效应。其果实体内已报道了多种生物活性化合物，如精油、脂肪酸、糖苷、生物碱和黄酮类化合物。其中，黄酮类化合物或咖啡酸衍生物与对真菌或细菌生长的抑制有关，而二萜类化合物或二萜内酯对昆虫、螨虫和线虫具有最活性。本综述总结了西瓜苦瓜对杀虫剂、细胞毒性和降血糖效应的科学证据。
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) is widely distributed in the desert areas of the world. The fruit bodies of C. colocynthis are recognized for their wide range of nutraceutical potential, as well as medicinal and pharmaceutical uses. The plant has been reported for various uses, such as asthma, bronchitis, cancer, colic, common cold, cough, diabetes, dysentery, and jaundice. The fruit has been extensively studied for its biological activities, which include insecticide, antitumor, and antidiabetic effects. Numerous bioactive compounds have been reported in its fruit bodies, such as essential oils, fatty acids, glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Of these, flavonoids or caffeic acid derivatives are the constituents associated with the inhibition of fungal or bacterial growth, whereas eudesmane sesquiterpenes or sesquiterpene lactones are most active against insects, mites, and nematodes. In this review, the scientific evidence for the biological activity of C. colocynthis against insecticide, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic effects is summarized.