免疫检查点抑制剂可能引起尚未完全了解的免疫相关不良反应。一名80岁的亚洲女性被诊断为唇癌（cT1N0M0）的颈部淋巴结转移，并接受了右侧颈部淋巴结清扫术。随后，她出现了右侧颈部淋巴结复发和肺转移。因为颈部复发和肺转移不可切除，患者被认为适合使用帕姆单抗治疗。颌下淋巴结的综合阳性得分为100。开始使用帕姆单抗单药治疗，完全缓解。她在八个月后发生酮症酸中毒，并被诊断为暴发型1型糖尿病。进行胰岛素治疗。患者在10个月后发展为肾上腺功能不全。这些是帕姆单抗引起的免疫相关不良反应。患者一直处于完全缓解状态，并继续接受帕姆单抗治疗。本研究是在日本首次报道了一例进行帕姆单抗单药治疗的头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者出现1型糖尿病的个案。有效的部门间协作将促进严重的免疫相关不良反应的治疗，并提高患者的生活质量。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., Springer Nature的一部分。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors might cause immune-related adverse events that are still largely unknown.An 80-year-old Asian female was diagnosed with cervical lymph node metastasis from lip cancer (cT1N0M0) and underwent right cervical neck dissection. Subsequently, she developed right cervical lymph node relapse and lung metastasis. The patient was deemed eligible for pembrolizumab owing to unresectable neck recurrence and pulmonary metastasis. The Combined Positive Score of the submandibular lymph nodes was 100. Pembrolizumab monotherapy was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. She developed diabetic ketoacidosis in the eighth month and was diagnosed with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. Insulin induction was performed. The patient developed adrenal insufficiency after 10 months. These were immune-related adverse events, caused by pembrolizumab. The patient has remained in complete remission, and pembrolizumab therapy was continued.The study presents the first reported case of type 1 diabetes in a patient with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy, in Japan. Efficient interdepartmental collaboration will promote the management of severe immune-related adverse events and improve the quality of life of patients.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.