对于非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者，关于不同抗癌疗法对淋巴细胞亚群及其与生存的关系的数据有限。本研究旨在评估免疫疗法、化疗、免疫化疗、手术后辅助化疗和抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）抗体对B细胞、T细胞和NK细胞亚群以及NSCLC患者的生存时间的影响。本研究共纳入2021年1月至2023年3月在莱比锡肺病学诊所连续招募的32例NSCLC患者并纳入本研究。使用FACS Canto II流式细胞仪（BD Biosciences）进行免疫表型分析，覆盖130项免疫参数，分别在计划治疗前和治疗期间进行，每位患者最多进行7次观察。免疫治疗后明显提高了过渡性B细胞的绝对计数（p = 0.032），免疫化疗后明显提高了过渡性B细胞的绝对计数（p = 0.030），抗VEGF抗体后明显提高了过渡性B细胞的绝对计数（p = 0.024）。类似地，辅助化疗后B细胞的绝对计数和百分比显著增加（p = 0.023）。然而，化疗后过渡性B细胞的绝对计数和百分比显著减少（p = 0.001）。免疫治疗后活化的细胞毒性T细胞显著增加（p = 0.031），免疫化疗后活化的细胞毒性T细胞显著增加（p = 0.030）。NSCLC患者的总生存率为31%。总之，本研究表明不同类型的抗癌疗法会影响NSCLC患者的淋巴细胞亚群。需要进一步进行大规模和多中心研究来确认我们的结果，并评估淋巴细胞亚群的预后价值。版权所有 © 2023 Gessner, Tessema, Scholz, Sack, Boldt, Kühnapfel 和 Gessner。

There are limited data on the influence of different anti-cancer therapies on lymphocyte subpopulations and their relationships to survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, and antibodies against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF) on B cell, T cell, and NK cell subpopulations, and the survival time of NSCLC patients.A total of 32 consecutive NSCLC patients were recruited at Pulmonology Clinic, Leipzig from January 2018 to March 2020 and enrolled in this study. Immunophenotyping was done using a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) before the administration of the planned therapy and during therapy with up to 7 observational windows for each patient targeting 130 immunologic parameters.Absolute transitional B cells was significantly increased after immunotherapy (p = 0.032), immunochemotherapy (p = 0.030), and antibodies against VEGF (p = 0.024). Similarly, absolute counts and percentage of B cells were significantly increased after adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.023). However, absolute counts and percentage of transitional B cells are significantly decreased after chemotherapy (p = 0.001). Activated cytotoxic T cells were significantly increased after immunotherapy (p = 0.031) and immunochemotherapy (p = 0.030). The overall survival rate of NSCLC patients was 31%.In conclusion, this study suggests that different types of anti-cancer therapies affect lymphocyte subpopulations of NSCLC patients. Further large-scale and multicentre studies are required to confirm our results and to evaluate the prognostic value of lymphocyte subpopulations.Copyright © 2023 Gessner, Tessema, Scholz, Sack, Boldt, Kühnapfel and Gessner.