纳米材料工程扩展了限制性功能系统中纳米技术的范围。如今，对于即时健康诊断和监测工具，以进行现场测试和病人护理，赋予了极大的优先权。石墨烯作为一种只有一个碳原子的化合物，具有检测癌症生物标志物及其衍生物的潜力。这种原子宽的石墨烯层具有改善的电性和热导性、光学透明度、化学和机械强度增加等物理化学特性，因此成为最适合用于癌症生物标志物检测的材料。二维石墨烯突出的机械、电学、电化学和光学性质可以实现任何生物传感器发展的科学目标，即开发更紧凑且便携的现场诊断设备，以实现快速和早期癌症诊断。氧化石墨烯层及其复合材料可以改善被认可的生物标志物的生物功能化。石墨烯的重要性在于通过获得缺失数据，评估其高度专业化的能力，包括表面改性和分析报告方面的差异。本综述提供了对石墨烯的关键见解，以激发研究来解决癌症诊断中当前和剩余的障碍。Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers；有任何疑问，请发送邮件至epub@benthamscience.net。

The engineering of nanoscale materials has broadened the scope of nanotechnology in a restricted functional system. Today, significant priority is given to immediate health diagnosis and monitoring tools for point-of-care testing and patient care. Graphene, as a one-atom carbon compound, has the potential to detect cancer biomarkers and its derivatives. The atom-wide graphene layer specialises in physicochemical characteristics, such as improved electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency, and increased chemical and mechanical strength, thus making it the best material for cancer biomarker detection. The outstanding mechanical, electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties of two-dimensional graphene can fulfil the scientific goal of any biosensor development, which is to develop a more compact and portable point-of-care device for quick and early cancer diagnosis. The bio-functionalisation of recognised biomarkers can be improved by oxygenated graphene layers and their composites. The significance of graphene that gleans its missing data for its high expertise to be evaluated, including the variety in surface modification and analytical reports. This review provides critical insights into graphene to inspire research that would address the current and remaining hurdles in cancer diagnosis.Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.