微/纳米机器人是由工程纳米材料开发而成的集成设备，在过去几十年中有了显著的进展。它们有潜力被预编程在多个难以触及的器官/组织/细胞位置上稳定运行，实现多种生物医学应用，如早期疾病诊断、精确手术、靶向药物传递、癌症治疗、生物成像、生物分子分离、解毒、生物传感、以及高效清除堵塞动脉等。近年来引入了几种技术来开发可编程、生物相容和能源高效的微/纳米机器人。因此，这些技术的主要关注点是开发混合微/纳米机器人，优化组合纯合成或可降解的机器人，更精确高效地执行用户定义的任务。本文概述了最近的进展，展示了一些可行的构造原则，用于制造生物医学微/纳米机器人，并探索了纳米技术调控下催化自主机器人的关键研究领域。此外，本文还突出了它们的进展，提供了对近期趋势、后续前景、机遇和挑战的洞察，以实现有效的多种生物医学应用。© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple biomedical applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in accomplishments of the effective multifarious biomedical applications. .© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.