过去十年，癌症治疗发生了一场革命，从传统疗法转向免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）。这些免疫治疗药物可以激活宿主免疫系统，对抗肿瘤，并取得了前所未有的持久缓解效果。然而，80%的患者没有反应。本综述讨论了细菌是意外的促进因子，可以对肿瘤免疫系统进行重构。调控微生物群落影响了小鼠肿瘤的发展，并重塑了免疫治疗下的肿瘤微环境。我们预计，利用共生菌和肿瘤菌群可能有望鉴定出哪些患者会从免疫治疗中受益，并指导选择新的ICI组合以提高治疗效果。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

The past decade has witnessed a revolution in cancer treatment by shifting from conventional therapies to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These immunotherapies unleash the host immune system against the tumor and have achieved unprecedented durable remission. However, 80% of patients do not respond. This review discusses how bacteria are unexpected drivers that reprogram tumor immunity. Manipulating the microbiota impacts on tumor development and reprograms the tumor microenvironment (TME) of mice on immunotherapy. We anticipate that harnessing commensals and the tumor microbiome holds promise to identify patients who will benefit from immunotherapy and guide the choice of new ICI combinations to advance treatment efficacy.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.