空气污染物的暴露促进了慢性疾病中的炎症、癌症和死亡。急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是重症监护病房患者中常见的疾病，并且与高死亡率相关。ARDS的特点是显著的肺炎症，这可以通过急性暴露于高剂量不同空气污染物中的动物模型来复制。最近，在不同国家进行了几项临床研究，以探究慢性或急性空气污染物暴露在提高ARDS发病率和严重程度方面的作用。在美国和法国主要进行了慢性暴露的研究。这些研究的结果表明，一些空气污染物，特别是臭氧、二氧化氮和颗粒物，增加了患ARDS和相关死亡的易感性。此外，它们的影响可能根据ARDS的原因有所不同。中国一个城市化地区进行的一项队列研究表明，暴露在重症监护病房入院前几天内的高水平的空气污染物与ARDS发病率的增加有关。关于急性暴露的影响对于ARDS发病率和严重程度得出的结论更有争议。空气污染物暴露和ARDS发病率以及严重程度之间存在着明显的相关性。然而，需要进一步的研究来确定哪些污染物是最重要的，哪些患者受到最严重的影响。由于ARDS的普遍存在，空气污染物暴露可能会产生重大影响，并可能成为一个关键的公共卫生问题。© 2023. La Société de Réanimation de Langue Francaise = The French Society of Intensive Care (SRLF).

Exposure to air pollutants promotes inflammation, cancer, and mortality in chronic diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition among intensive care unit patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. ARDS is characterized by significant lung inflammation, which can be replicated in animal models by acute exposure to high doses of various air pollutants. Recently, several clinical studies have been conducted in different countries to investigate the role of chronic or acute air pollutant exposure in enhancing both ARDS incidence and severity.Chronic exposure studies have mainly been conducted in the US and France. The results of these studies suggest that some air pollutants, notably ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, increase susceptibility to ARDS and associated mortality. Furthermore, their impact may differ according to the cause of ARDS. A cohort study conducted in an urbanized zone in China showed that exposure to very high levels of air pollutants in the few days preceding intensive care unit admission was associated with an increased incidence of ARDS. The effects of acute exposure are more debatable regarding ARDS incidence and severity.There is a likely relationship between air pollutant exposure and ARDS incidence and severity. However, further studies are required to determine which pollutants are the most involved and which patients are the most affected. Due to the prevalence of ARDS, air pollutant exposure may have a significant impact and could be a key public health issue.© 2023. La Société de Réanimation de Langue Francaise = The French Society of Intensive Care (SRLF).