越来越多的证据表明，免疫系统的抗癌效应可以通过免疫模拟调节临死癌细胞来激活。由于免疫调节反应的激活导致癌细胞死亡，被称为免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）。ICD的调节性细胞死亡是由于正在发生ICD的癌细胞免疫原性增加而发生的。ICD在刺激癌症治疗中的免疫系统活性方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，ICD可能是改善与释放损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）相关的抗癌免疫反应的创新途径。几种传统的和化疗药物以及来自自然来源的临床前研究化合物通过诱导ICD具有免疫刺激性能。由于其毒性低、成本低以及通过干扰癌症进展中的不同机制来抑制癌细胞，自然化合物在癌症治疗中引起了广泛关注。因此，确定具有诱导ICD潜力的自然化合物对于癌症免疫治疗具有潜在的前景。自然来源的化合物被认为是免疫佐剂，因为它们引发癌症应激反应和DAMPs。急性暴露于DAMP分子可以激活抗原呈递细胞（如树突状细胞），从而导致细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）和自然杀伤细胞（NKs）的下游事件。自然化合物作为ICD诱导剂可能是一个有趣的方法；然而，应阐明决定化合物是否可用作ICD诱导剂的参数。在这里，我们旨在讨论多个ICD诱导剂的影响，主要集中在自然产物，包括植物衍生物、海洋分子和基于细菌的化合物上，对DAMP分子的释放和相关信号级联激活免疫反应的影响。此外，还讨论了合成剂对触发ICD的潜力。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

A growing body of evidence indicates that the anticancer effect of the immune system can be activated by the immunogenic modulation of dying cancer cells. Cancer cell death, as a result of the activation of an immunomodulatory response, is called immunogenic cell death (ICD). This regulated cell death occurs because of increased immunogenicity of cancer cells undergoing ICD. ICD plays a crucial role in stimulating immune system activity in cancer therapy. ICD can therefore be an innovative route to improve anticancer immune responses associated with releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Several conventional and chemotherapeutics, as well as preclinically investigated compounds from natural sources, possess immunostimulatory properties by ICD induction. Natural compounds have gained much interest in cancer therapy owing to their low toxicity, low cost, and inhibiting cancer cells by interfering with different mechanisms, which are critical in cancer progression. Therefore, identifying natural compounds with ICD-inducing potency presents agents with promising potential in cancer immunotherapy. Naturally derived compounds are believed to act as immunoadjuvants because they elicit cancer stress responses and DAMPs. Acute exposure to DAMP molecules can activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), which leads to downstream events by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NKs). Natural compounds as inducers of ICD may be an interesting approach to ICD induction; however, parameters that determine whether a compound can be used as an ICD inducer should be elucidated. Here, we aimed to discuss the impact of multiple ICD inducers, mainly focusing on natural agents, including plant-derived, marine molecules, and bacterial-based compounds, on the release of DAMP molecules and the activation of the corresponding signaling cascades triggering immune responses. In addition, the potential of synthetic agents for triggering ICD is also discussed.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.