本研究旨在分析骨髓缺陷性颌骨（BMDJ）治疗在实际条件下是否能降低BMDJ患者血清RANTES/CCL5水平。在这项回顾性研究中，113名BMDJ患者分别接受了无治疗（n = 57）、BMDJ手术（n = 25）、拔牙（n = 20）或根管治疗（n = 11）。测定了治疗前后（干预组）和研究开始和结束时（对照组）的RANTES/CCL5、C-反应蛋白（CRP）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的血清浓度。结果采用双样本t检验和Bonferroni事后检验进行统计分析，并使用ANOVA进行多重比较。 所有患者均检测到BMDJ，每个患者平均有4.42 ± 2.75个BMDJ发现。与无治疗相比，任何治疗均可显著降低RANTES/CCL5水平（p < 0.001；效应量d = 0.90）。BMDJ手术组的效果最显著（p < 0.001；效应量d = 1.30）。相反，未经治疗的患者的RANTES/CCL5血清浓度进一步增高。治疗前后RANTES/CCL5测量的平均时间间隔为22.86 ± 19.36周，与任何干预组或总样本中的RANTES/CCL5水平无相关性（p = 0.104）。 BMDJ手术、拔牙和根管治疗显著降低了BMDJ患者的RANTES/CCL5血清浓度，其中手术效果最好。需要进一步研究以确立定期进行RANTES/CCL5评估作为改进BMDJ患者诊断、监测和评估治疗成功的一部分。© 2023 Diederich et al.

The presence of bone marrow defects of the jawbone (BMDJ) is associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as RANTES/CCL5. The purpose of this study was to analyze if BMDJ therapy under real-world conditions reduces RANTES/CCL5 serum levels in BMDJ patients.During this retrospective study, 113 BMDJ patients received either no treatment (n = 57), BMDJ surgery (n = 25), tooth extraction (n = 20), or root canal treatment (n = 11). Serum concentrations of RANTES/CCL5, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed before and after treatment (interventional group) and at the beginning and end of the study period (control group). Statistical analyses of the results were performed by the two-sample t-test and Bonferroni post hoc test with ANOVA for multiple comparisons.BMDJ were detected in all patients with 4.42 ± 2.75 BMDJ findings per patient. RANTES/CCL5 levels were significantly reduced by any treatment when compared to no treatment (p < 0.001; effect size d = 0.90). This effect was most pronounced in the BMDJ surgery group (p < 0.001; effect size d = 1.30). In contrast, RANTES/CCL5 serum concentrations further increased in untreated patients. Mean duration between pre- and post-treatment RANTES/CCL5 measurements was 22.86 ± 19.36 weeks, with no correlation with RANTES/CCL5 levels in any interventional group or in the total sample (p = 0.104).BMDJ surgery, tooth extraction, and root canal treatment significantly reduce RANTES/CCL5 serum concentrations in BMDJ patients, with surgery being most beneficial. Further research is required to establish regular RANTES/CCL5 assessments as part of an improved diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation of therapy success in BMDJ patients.© 2023 Diederich et al.