癌症是致死原因之一，通常通过一系列基因突变和表达失调的进程来发展和进展。随着集群规则间隔回文重复序列（CRISPR）/Cas9基因编辑技术的发展，可以编辑并解码与癌症相关的基因突变的功能，显著推进癌症生物学机制研究和治疗的进展。本综述总结了近年来CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的机制和发展，并描述了其在癌症相关研究中的潜在应用，例如建立人类肿瘤疾病模型、基因治疗和免疫治疗。重点强调了面临的挑战和未来发展的方向，以为探索癌症的病理机制和潜在治疗方案提供参考。© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Cancer, one of the leading causes of death, usually commences and progresses as a result of a series of gene mutations and dysregulation of expression. With the development of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene-editing technology, it is possible to edit and then decode the functions of cancer-related gene mutations, markedly advance the research of biological mechanisms and treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the mechanism and development of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in recent years and describes its potential application in cancer-related research, such as the establishment of human tumor disease models, gene therapy and immunotherapy. The challenges and future development directions are highlighted to provide a reference for exploring pathological mechanisms and potential treatment protocols of cancer.© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.